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Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone

2022 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 655

Compared with sham-exposed controls, embryos exposed to 1800 MHz (2G) or 2100 MHz (3G) radiofrequency radiation showed cytoplasmic vacuolations and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vascular/interstitial c…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2022
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone Dsilva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J. Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone. J Clin of Diagn Res. 2022; 16(10):AC01- AC05. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2022/58391/16862 Abstract Introduction: With its sophisticated and multifunctional features, the cell phone has become an integral part of human life. Scientific reports are still inconclusive, regarding the possible ill effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) emitted from cell phones on biological tissues. Aim: To evaluate the possible tissue damage in developing kidneys of chick embryos, following exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G cell phones. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Department of Anatomy at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India, from August 2011 to June 2015. Fertilised chick embryos (144±20 eggs) were divided into three groups with a sample size of 48 eggs per group. Group A was exposed to 2G radiation (1800 MHz), group B was exposed to 3G radiation (2100 MHz) and group C was a sham exposed control group. The embryos were sacrificed from the 5th-12th day, and processed for routine histological procedures, to check structural and morphometric changes in the kidney. The standard epithelial height and nuclear diameter of both proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, karyorrhexis changes and diameter of urinary space were analysed using an ocular micrometer and square reticle. The results were statistically analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The results showed cytoplasmic changes (vacuolations) and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, vascular changes (haemorrhage and infiltrations) in the interstitium and increased urinary space in the glomerulus of chick embryo kidneys. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it was concluded that RFR exposure from cell phones causes histopathological changes in the developing kidneys of chick embryos. Open access paper: jcdr.net 709x&year=2022&month=October&volume=16&issue=10&page=AC01-AC05&id=16862

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
PopulationFertilised chick embryos (eggs)
Sample size144
ExposureRF · Embryos sacrificed from 5th–12th day (exposure timing within this period not further specified)
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Compared with sham-exposed controls, embryos exposed to 1800 MHz (2G) or 2100 MHz (3G) radiofrequency radiation showed cytoplasmic vacuolations and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vascular/interstitial changes (haemorrhage and infiltrations), and increased urinary space in the glomerulus.

Outcomes measured

  • Kidney histology/histopathology (proximal and distal convoluted tubules)
  • Histomorphometric measures: epithelial height and nuclear diameter (PCT and DCT)
  • Karyorrhexis changes
  • Diameter of urinary space (glomerulus)
  • Vascular/interstitial changes (haemorrhage, infiltrations)

Limitations

  • Exposure duration/dose metrics (e.g., SAR, power density, distance to phone) not reported in the abstract
  • Frequency-specific or group-wise comparative results (2G vs 3G) not detailed in the abstract
  • Animal/embryo model; generalisability to humans is uncertain
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Embryos sacrificed from 5th–12th day (exposure timing within this period not further specified)"
  },
  "population": "Fertilised chick embryos (eggs)",
  "sample_size": 144,
  "outcomes": [
    "Kidney histology/histopathology (proximal and distal convoluted tubules)",
    "Histomorphometric measures: epithelial height and nuclear diameter (PCT and DCT)",
    "Karyorrhexis changes",
    "Diameter of urinary space (glomerulus)",
    "Vascular/interstitial changes (haemorrhage, infiltrations)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Compared with sham-exposed controls, embryos exposed to 1800 MHz (2G) or 2100 MHz (3G) radiofrequency radiation showed cytoplasmic vacuolations and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal and distal convoluted tubules, vascular/interstitial changes (haemorrhage and infiltrations), and increased urinary space in the glomerulus.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Exposure duration/dose metrics (e.g., SAR, power density, distance to phone) not reported in the abstract",
    "Frequency-specific or group-wise comparative results (2G vs 3G) not detailed in the abstract",
    "Animal/embryo model; generalisability to humans is uncertain"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency radiation",
    "cell phone",
    "2G",
    "3G",
    "1800 MHz",
    "2100 MHz",
    "chick embryo",
    "kidney",
    "histopathology",
    "histomorphometry",
    "glomerulus",
    "proximal convoluted tubule",
    "distal convoluted tubule"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Exposure described as radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G/3G cell phones."
    },
    {
      "slug": "animal-studies",
      "weight": 0.85,
      "reason": "Experimental study in fertilised chick embryos assessing kidney tissue outcomes."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/58391/16862
PubMed: Not supplied

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