2100-MHz electromagnetic fields have different effects on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status depending on exposure duration.

Brain research · 2016 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4884

Study snapshot

PublicationBrain research · 2016

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the duration effects of 2100-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and to assess lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) production and antioxidant status of EMF exposed rats. Rats were randomized to following groups: Sham rats (S1 and S10) and rats exposed to 2100-MHz EMF (E1 and E10) for 2h/day for 1 or 10 weeks, respectively. At the end of experimental periods, VEPs were recorded under anesthesia. Brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels were significantly decreased in the E1 whereas increased in the E10 compared with their control groups. While brain catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and NO and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly increased in the E1, reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was detected in the same group compared with the S1. Conversely, decreased CAT, GSH-Px activities and NO levels were observed in the E10 compared with the S10. Latencies of all VEP components were shortened in the E1 compared with the S1, whereas latencies of all VEP components, except P1, were prolonged in the E10 compared with the S10. There was a positive correlation between all VEP latencies and brain TBARS and 4-HNE values. Consequently, it could be concluded that different effects of EMFs on VEPs depend on exposure duration. In addition, our results indicated that short-term EMF could provide protective effects, while long-term EMF could have an adverse effect on VEPs and oxidant/antioxidant status.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationRats

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 2100 MHz · 2 h/day for 1 week or 10 weeks

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Rats exposed to 2100-MHz EMF for 1 week showed decreased TBARS and 4-HNE, increased CAT and GSH-Px activities, increased NO and GSH levels, reduced SOD activity, and shortened VEP component latencies versus sham. Rats exposed for 10 weeks showed increased TBARS and 4-HNE, decreased CAT and GSH-Px activities and NO levels, and prolonged VEP latencies (except P1) versus sham; VEP latencies positively correlated with TBARS and 4-HNE.

Outcomes measured

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) latencies
Brain lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS, 4-HNE)
Nitric oxide (NO) levels
Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD)
Glutathione (GSH) levels

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Exposure metric (e.g., SAR, field strength) not reported in abstract
Animal study; generalizability to humans is uncertain
Outcomes assessed under anesthesia (VEP recording conditions may influence results)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2100,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 h/day for 1 week or 10 weeks"
  },
  "population": "Rats",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Visual evoked potentials (VEP) latencies",
    "Brain lipid peroxidation markers (TBARS, 4-HNE)",
    "Nitric oxide (NO) levels",
    "Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD)",
    "Glutathione (GSH) levels"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 2100-MHz EMF for 1 week showed decreased TBARS and 4-HNE, increased CAT and GSH-Px activities, increased NO and GSH levels, reduced SOD activity, and shortened VEP component latencies versus sham. Rats exposed for 10 weeks showed increased TBARS and 4-HNE, decreased CAT and GSH-Px activities and NO levels, and prolonged VEP latencies (except P1) versus sham; VEP latencies positively correlated with TBARS and 4-HNE.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure metric (e.g., SAR, field strength) not reported in abstract",
    "Animal study; generalizability to humans is uncertain",
    "Outcomes assessed under anesthesia (VEP recording conditions may influence results)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2100 MHz",
    "RF-EMF",
    "rats",
    "visual evoked potentials",
    "oxidative stress",
    "lipid peroxidation",
    "TBARS",
    "4-HNE",
    "nitric oxide",
    "antioxidant enzymes",
    "exposure duration"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.018
PubMed: 26776477

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