Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice.

Bioelectromagnetics · 2011 · Mixed · Low evidence

← Research stream

MixedLow evidencePaper 4470

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 2011

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

There are public concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or cancer-promoting effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) because of the extensive use of wireless mobile phones and other telecommunication devices in daily life. However, so far it is unclear if non-thermal exposure of single EMF exposure in animal studies has a direct influence on carcinogenesis. Here, carcinogenic effects of combined signal RF-EMFs on AKR/J mice, which were used for the lymphoma animal model, were investigated. Six-week-old AKR/J mice were simultaneously exposed to two types of RF signals: single code division multiple access (CDMA) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). AKR/J mice were exposed to combined RF-EMFs for 45 min/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 42 weeks. The whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of CDMA and WCDMA fields was 2.0 W/kg each, 4.0 W/kg in total. When we examined final survival, lymphoma incidence, and splenomegaly incidence, no differences were found between sham- and RF-exposed mice. However, occurrence of metastasis infiltration to the brain in lymphoma-bearing mice was significantly different in RF-exposed mice when compared to sham-exposed mice, even though no consistent correlation (increase or decrease) was observed between male and female mice. However, infiltration occurrence to liver, lung, and spleen was not different between the groups. From the results, we suggested that simultaneous exposure to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs did not affect lymphoma development in AKR/J mice.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationSix-week-old AKR/J mice (lymphoma model)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 4 W/kg · 45 min/day, 5 days/week, for 42 weeks

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

AKR/J mice simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs (whole-body average SAR 2.0 W/kg each; 4.0 W/kg total) for 42 weeks showed no differences versus sham in final survival, lymphoma incidence, or splenomegaly incidence. Brain metastasis infiltration occurrence differed significantly between RF-exposed and sham mice, but without a consistent increase or decrease across sexes; infiltration to liver, lung, and spleen did not differ.

Outcomes measured

Final survival
Lymphoma incidence
Splenomegaly incidence
Metastasis infiltration to brain
Infiltration to liver
Infiltration to lung
Infiltration to spleen

Limitations

Frequency of the RF signals not reported in the abstract
Sample size not reported in the abstract
Direction of the significant brain infiltration difference was not consistent between male and female mice

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone (CDMA/WCDMA signals)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": 4,
    "duration": "45 min/day, 5 days/week, for 42 weeks"
  },
  "population": "Six-week-old AKR/J mice (lymphoma model)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Final survival",
    "Lymphoma incidence",
    "Splenomegaly incidence",
    "Metastasis infiltration to brain",
    "Infiltration to liver",
    "Infiltration to lung",
    "Infiltration to spleen"
  ],
  "main_findings": "AKR/J mice simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs (whole-body average SAR 2.0 W/kg each; 4.0 W/kg total) for 42 weeks showed no differences versus sham in final survival, lymphoma incidence, or splenomegaly incidence. Brain metastasis infiltration occurrence differed significantly between RF-exposed and sham mice, but without a consistent increase or decrease across sexes; infiltration to liver, lung, and spleen did not differ.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Frequency of the RF signals not reported in the abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Direction of the significant brain infiltration difference was not consistent between male and female mice"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency electromagnetic fields",
    "RF-EMF",
    "CDMA",
    "WCDMA",
    "combined exposure",
    "AKR/J mice",
    "lymphoma",
    "carcinogenesis",
    "metastasis",
    "specific absorption rate"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0,
      "reason": null
    },
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0,
      "reason": null
    }
  ]
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20655
PubMed: 21437920

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library