RF Safe

Pre- and post-natal exposure of children to EMF generated by domestic induction cookers.

Physics in medicine and biology · 2011 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 4441

Magnetic flux density measured during induction cooker operation (per EN 62233) was below the limits set in the standard. A numerical model at 35 kHz was used to compute internal electric field and induced current density in 26/30-week pregnant women and 6/11…

Study snapshot

PublicationPhysics in medicine and biology · 2011
Study typeexposure_assessment
Reported directionNo effect
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Induction cookers are a type of cooking appliance that uses an intermediate-frequency magnetic field to heat the cooking vessel. The magnetic flux density produced by an induction cooker during operation was measured according to the EN 62233 standard, and the measured values were below the limits set in the standard. The measurements were used to validate a numerical model consisting of three vertically displaced coaxial current loops at 35 kHz. The numerical model was then used to compute the electric field (E) and induced current (J) in 26 and 30 weeks pregnant women and 6 and 11 year old children. Both E and J were found to be below the basic restrictions of the 2010 low-frequency and 1998 ICNRIP guidelines. The maximum computed E fields in the whole body were 0.11 and 0.66 V m(-1) in the 26 and 30 weeks pregnant women and 0.28 and 2.28 V m(-1) in the 6 and 11 year old children (ICNIRP basic restriction 4.25 V m(-1)). The maximum computed J fields in the whole body were 46 and 42 mA m(-2) in the 26 and 30 weeks pregnant women and 27 and 16 mA m(-2) in the 6 and 11 year old children (ICNIRP basic restriction 70 mA m(-2)).

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment
Effect directionno_effect
Population26 and 30 weeks pregnant women; 6 and 11 year old children
Sample sizeNot supplied
Exposureintermediate-frequency · 0.035 MHz
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Magnetic flux density measured during induction cooker operation (per EN 62233) was below the limits set in the standard. A numerical model at 35 kHz was used to compute internal electric field and induced current density in 26/30-week pregnant women and 6/11-year-old children; computed E and J were below ICNIRP basic restrictions (2010 low-frequency and 1998 guidelines).

Outcomes measured

  • Magnetic flux density during induction cooker operation (EN 62233)
  • Computed internal electric field (E)
  • Computed induced current density (J)
  • Compliance with EN 62233 limits and ICNIRP basic restrictions (2010 low-frequency; 1998)
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "intermediate-frequency",
    "source": "domestic induction cooker",
    "frequency_mhz": 0.035,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "26 and 30 weeks pregnant women; 6 and 11 year old children",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Magnetic flux density during induction cooker operation (EN 62233)",
    "Computed internal electric field (E)",
    "Computed induced current density (J)",
    "Compliance with EN 62233 limits and ICNIRP basic restrictions (2010 low-frequency; 1998)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Magnetic flux density measured during induction cooker operation (per EN 62233) was below the limits set in the standard. A numerical model at 35 kHz was used to compute internal electric field and induced current density in 26/30-week pregnant women and 6/11-year-old children; computed E and J were below ICNIRP basic restrictions (2010 low-frequency and 1998 guidelines).",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "induction cooker",
    "intermediate-frequency magnetic field",
    "35 kHz",
    "EN 62233",
    "numerical model",
    "pregnant women",
    "children",
    "electric field",
    "induced current density",
    "ICNIRP guidelines"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Assesses exposure relative to ICNIRP basic restrictions (1998 and 2010 low-frequency guidelines)."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/19/001
PubMed: 21878710

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