RF Safe

Effect of electromagnetic field on endocytosis of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles by human brain-microvascular endothelial cells.

Journal of drug targeting · 2010 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 4376

Radiofrequency EMF was applied to HBMECs to promote uptake of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. EMF exposure produced a negligible increase in permeability of free saquinavir across the HBMEC monolayer, while saquinavir permeability increased ~17-fold when …

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of drug targeting · 2010
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionBenefit
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

This study investigates the electromagnetic field (EMF)-regulated transport of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) across human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). The positive charge of CSLNs was from dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide and stearylamine, and radiofrequency EMF was applied to HBMECs for promoting uptake of CSLNs. Immunochemical staining revealed that the expression of clathrin on the membrane of HBMECs enhanced during vesicular endocytosis of CSLNs. However, CSLNs and EMF slightly affected the expression of P-glycoprotein on the membrane of HBMECs. An exposure to EMF yielded negligible increase in the permeability of free saquinavir (SQV) across the HBMEC monolayer. Nevertheless, the permeability of SQV across the HBMEC monolayer increased about 17-fold when SQV was entrapped in CSLNs. Moreover, the permeability of SQV across the HBMEC monolayer increased about 22-fold by applying the CSLN encapsulation and EMF exposure. CSLNs and EMF could produce synergistic effect on improving the brain-targeting delivery.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionbenefit
PopulationHuman brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Radiofrequency EMF was applied to HBMECs to promote uptake of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. EMF exposure produced a negligible increase in permeability of free saquinavir across the HBMEC monolayer, while saquinavir permeability increased ~17-fold when entrapped in CSLNs and ~22-fold when CSLN encapsulation was combined with EMF exposure; clathrin expression on the membrane increased during vesicular endocytosis of CSLNs, and CSLNs/EMF slightly affected P-glycoprotein expression.

Outcomes measured

  • Endocytosis/uptake of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs)
  • Clathrin expression on HBMEC membrane during vesicular endocytosis
  • P-glycoprotein expression on HBMEC membrane
  • Permeability/transport of saquinavir (SQV) across HBMEC monolayer (free vs CSLN-entrapped; with/without EMF)

Limitations

  • In vitro cell model; findings may not translate to in vivo human exposure or health outcomes
  • EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, SAR, duration) not reported in the abstract
  • Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Endocytosis/uptake of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs)",
    "Clathrin expression on HBMEC membrane during vesicular endocytosis",
    "P-glycoprotein expression on HBMEC membrane",
    "Permeability/transport of saquinavir (SQV) across HBMEC monolayer (free vs CSLN-entrapped; with/without EMF)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Radiofrequency EMF was applied to HBMECs to promote uptake of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. EMF exposure produced a negligible increase in permeability of free saquinavir across the HBMEC monolayer, while saquinavir permeability increased ~17-fold when entrapped in CSLNs and ~22-fold when CSLN encapsulation was combined with EMF exposure; clathrin expression on the membrane increased during vesicular endocytosis of CSLNs, and CSLNs/EMF slightly affected P-glycoprotein expression.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro cell model; findings may not translate to in vivo human exposure or health outcomes",
    "EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, SAR, duration) not reported in the abstract",
    "Sample size and replication details not provided in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "electromagnetic field",
    "endocytosis",
    "clathrin",
    "P-glycoprotein",
    "blood-brain barrier",
    "human brain-microvascular endothelial cells",
    "cationic solid lipid nanoparticles",
    "saquinavir",
    "permeability"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3109/10611860903494245
PubMed: 20528098

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