Enolase activity in chicken embryo primary retina cells is not affected by exposure to a 60-Hz electric field.

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": 6e-05,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Chicken embryo primary retina cells in culture",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Enolase specific activity",
    "Enolase mRNA levels"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Chicken embryo primary retina cells exposed to a 60 Hz ELF electric field showed no alteration in enolase activity or enolase mRNA levels. Sham vs. control experiments were conducted to address ambient and stray magnetic fields and field uniformity.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
    "Electric field strength not reported in abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "In vitro model; relevance to in vivo outcomes not addressed in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "ELF",
    "60 Hz",
    "electric field",
    "in vitro",
    "chicken embryo",
    "retina cells",
    "enolase",
    "mRNA",
    "sham control"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "elf-emf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study examines biological effects of 60 Hz extremely low frequency electric field exposure in cell culture."
    }
  ]
}