Static magnetic field with a strong magnetic field gradient (41.7 T/m) induces c-Jun expression in HL-60 cells.

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "static",
    "source": "laboratory static magnetic field exposure system",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "1 to 48 h (with c-Jun increase reported after 24, 36, 48, and 72 h at 6 T)"
  },
  "population": "HL-60 cells",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "c-Jun protein expression",
    "c-Fos protein expression",
    "c-Myc protein expression"
  ],
  "main_findings": "HL-60 cells exposed to 6 T (spatially inhomogeneous; magnetic field gradient 41.7 T/m) or 10 T (spatially homogeneous) static magnetic fields for 1–48 h showed no remarkable differences in c-Myc and c-Fos protein expression versus sham. c-Jun protein expression increased after exposure to 6 T with a strong magnetic field gradient at 24, 36, 48, and 72 h, while a homogeneous 10 T field did not alter c-jun/c-fos/c-myc expression.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Only one cell line (HL-60) assessed",
    "Outcome limited to protooncogene protein expression measured by Western blot",
    "Exposure conditions differ (inhomogeneous 6 T with strong gradient vs homogeneous 10 T), complicating attribution to flux density vs gradient",
    "72 h exposure mentioned for c-Jun but earlier exposure period described as 1–48 h"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "static magnetic field",
    "strong magnetic field gradient",
    "41.7 T/m",
    "6 T",
    "10 T",
    "HL-60",
    "protooncogenes",
    "c-Jun",
    "c-Fos",
    "c-Myc",
    "Western blot"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "static-magnetic-fields",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study examines biological effects of high-strength static magnetic fields and field gradients in vitro."
    },
    {
      "slug": "in-vitro-studies",
      "weight": 0.6,
      "reason": "Cell culture experiment measuring protein expression changes after SMF exposure."
    }
  ]
}