RF Safe

A mm-sized wirelessly powered and remotely controlled locomotive implant.

IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems · 2012 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 3136

A mm-scale implantable locomotive device was wirelessly powered and controlled. The prototype received 500 µW from a 2 W, 1.86 GHz power signal at 5 cm distance and supported 2.5–25 Mbps data rates via asynchronous PWM on the carrier; the propulsion drivers e…

Study snapshot

PublicationIEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems · 2012
Study typeengineering
Reported directionUnclear
Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

A wirelessly powered and controlled implantable device capable of locomotion in a fluid medium is presented. Two scalable low-power propulsion methods are described that achieve roughly an order of magnitude better performance than existing methods in terms of thrust conversion efficiency. The wireless prototype occupies 0.6 mm × 1 mm in 65 nm CMOS with an external 2 mm × 2 mm receive antenna. The IC consists of a matching network, a rectifier, a bandgap reference, a regulator, a demodulator, a digital controller, and high-current drivers that interface directly with the propulsion system. It receives 500 μW from a 2 W 1.86 GHz power signal at a distance of 5 cm. Asynchronous pulse-width modulation on the carrier allows for data rates from 2.5-25 Mbps with energy efficiency of 0.5 pJ/b at 10 Mbps. The received data configures the propulsion system drivers, which are capable of driving up to 2 mA at 0.2 V and can achieve speed of 0.53 cm/sec in a 0.06 T magnetic field.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering
Effect directionunclear
PopulationNot supplied
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 1860 MHz
Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

A mm-scale implantable locomotive device was wirelessly powered and controlled. The prototype received 500 µW from a 2 W, 1.86 GHz power signal at 5 cm distance and supported 2.5–25 Mbps data rates via asynchronous PWM on the carrier; the propulsion drivers enabled locomotion up to 0.53 cm/s in a 0.06 T magnetic field.

Outcomes measured

  • Wireless power transfer performance (received power at distance)
  • Implant device locomotion/propulsion performance (speed, thrust conversion efficiency)
  • Wireless data communication performance (data rate, energy efficiency)

Limitations

  • No biological/health outcomes are reported in the abstract.
  • No exposure metrics such as SAR or tissue heating are reported.
  • Study context appears to be device engineering; population/sample details are not provided.
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "wireless power signal (implantable device)",
    "frequency_mhz": 1860,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Wireless power transfer performance (received power at distance)",
    "Implant device locomotion/propulsion performance (speed, thrust conversion efficiency)",
    "Wireless data communication performance (data rate, energy efficiency)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "A mm-scale implantable locomotive device was wirelessly powered and controlled. The prototype received 500 µW from a 2 W, 1.86 GHz power signal at 5 cm distance and supported 2.5–25 Mbps data rates via asynchronous PWM on the carrier; the propulsion drivers enabled locomotion up to 0.53 cm/s in a 0.06 T magnetic field.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No biological/health outcomes are reported in the abstract.",
    "No exposure metrics such as SAR or tissue heating are reported.",
    "Study context appears to be device engineering; population/sample details are not provided."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "wireless power transfer",
    "implantable device",
    "locomotion",
    "CMOS",
    "1.86 GHz",
    "RF power signal",
    "asynchronous PWM",
    "data rate",
    "energy efficiency",
    "magnetic field"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2012.2232665
PubMed: 23853253

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