The influence of Wi-Fi on the mesonephros in the 9-day-old chicken embryo

Vet Res Commun · 2025 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 2620

Study snapshot

PublicationVet Res Commun · 2025

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Category: Developmental Biology, Electromagnetic Field Safety Tags: Wi-Fi, electromagnetic fields, non-ionizing radiation, chicken embryo, mesonephros, apoptosis, developmental toxicity DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10777-x URL: link.springer.com Overview Recent increases in the use of wireless devices, particularly in developed countries, have resulted in continuous exposure of all living systems to artificial electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (NIR). While these devices offer numerous benefits, their excessive use leads to the production of 'electrosmog'—a physical environmental pollutant that can be particularly hazardous during organismal development. Study Aim The study aimed to investigate the effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the development of the mesonephros in chicken embryos at day 9 of incubation. Findings - Exposure involved continual 9-day application of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation with a power density of 200-500 μW/m2. - No adverse effects were observed on the general development of the mesonephros. - Moderate, diffuse degenerative changes were present in the developing mesonephric corpuscles and tubules. - Congested blood vessels were detected in the surrounding interstitium, but no inflammatory infiltrate was noted. - A significantly increased number of apoptotic and proliferating cells were observed in the Wi-Fi group. - There was a significant up-regulation of caspase-1 gene expression, indicating interference with regulatory mechanisms in tissue and organ development. Conclusion The results demonstrate that non-ionizing radiation from Wi-Fi at the tested frequency and power density can disrupt key regulatory processes in normal tissue and organ development. This suggests a clear link between electromagnetic field exposure and developmental health risks, emphasizing the need for caution regarding EMF exposure during critical developmental windows.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationChicken embryos (9-day-old; day 9 of incubation)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 2400 MHz · continual exposure for 9 days (during incubation; assessed at day 9)

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Chicken embryos were continually exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi‑Fi radiation (power density 200–500 μW/m²) for 9 days. No adverse effects were reported on general mesonephros development, but moderate diffuse degenerative changes and vascular congestion were observed, along with significantly increased apoptotic and proliferating cells and significant up-regulation of caspase-1 gene expression.

Outcomes measured

Mesonephros general development
Degenerative changes in mesonephric corpuscles and tubules
Blood vessel congestion in interstitium
Inflammatory infiltrate (presence/absence)
Apoptotic cells (number)
Proliferating cells (number)
Caspase-1 gene expression (up-regulation)

Limitations

Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata
SAR not reported; exposure characterized by power density only
Study design details (randomization/blinding/sham exposure) not described in provided abstract/metadata

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "wi-fi",
    "frequency_mhz": 2400,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "continual exposure for 9 days (during incubation; assessed at day 9)"
  },
  "population": "Chicken embryos (9-day-old; day 9 of incubation)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Mesonephros general development",
    "Degenerative changes in mesonephric corpuscles and tubules",
    "Blood vessel congestion in interstitium",
    "Inflammatory infiltrate (presence/absence)",
    "Apoptotic cells (number)",
    "Proliferating cells (number)",
    "Caspase-1 gene expression (up-regulation)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Chicken embryos were continually exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi‑Fi radiation (power density 200–500 μW/m²) for 9 days. No adverse effects were reported on general mesonephros development, but moderate diffuse degenerative changes and vascular congestion were observed, along with significantly increased apoptotic and proliferating cells and significant up-regulation of caspase-1 gene expression.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata",
    "SAR not reported; exposure characterized by power density only",
    "Study design details (randomization/blinding/sham exposure) not described in provided abstract/metadata"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Wi-Fi",
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "non-ionizing radiation",
    "chicken embryo",
    "mesonephros",
    "apoptosis",
    "developmental toxicity",
    "2.4 GHz",
    "power density",
    "caspase-1"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.72,
      "reason": "Study evaluates biological effects of Wi‑Fi (2.4 GHz) exposure."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10777-x
PubMed: Not supplied

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