Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro

2020 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 2092

In a 3D full thickness human skin model, RF exposure (1950 MHz, 3G) alone did not change cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8). RF exposure did not enhance UV-induced effects; cytokines showed a statistically non-significant decrease when RF pre-exposure preced…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2020

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro Zsófia Szilágyi, Zsuzsanna Németh, József Bakos, Péter Pál Necz, Anna Sáfár, et al. Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 19;17(12):4401. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124401. Abstract The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre- exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

Population3D full thickness human skin model (3D reconstructed human skin)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 1950 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Cytokine secretion (IL-1α)
Cytokine secretion (IL-6)
Cytokine secretion (IL-8)
MMP-1 enzyme concentration/secretion
Inflammation processes in skin following combined UV and RF exposure

Limitations

In vitro model (3D reconstructed human skin) rather than in vivo/human study
Specific exposure scenario was consecutive combined UV and 1950 MHz (3G) RF; generalizability to other frequencies/technologies not established in abstract
Statistically non-significant cytokine decrease reported for RF pre-exposure before UV

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 1950,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "3D full thickness human skin model (3D reconstructed human skin)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cytokine secretion (IL-1α)",
    "Cytokine secretion (IL-6)",
    "Cytokine secretion (IL-8)",
    "MMP-1 enzyme concentration/secretion",
    "Inflammation processes in skin following combined UV and RF exposure"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In a 3D full thickness human skin model, RF exposure (1950 MHz, 3G) alone did not change cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8). RF exposure did not enhance UV-induced effects; cytokines showed a statistically non-significant decrease when RF pre-exposure preceded 4 SED UV versus UV alone, and RF exposure reduced MMP-1 concentration after UV treatment.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro model (3D reconstructed human skin) rather than in vivo/human study",
    "Specific exposure scenario was consecutive combined UV and 1950 MHz (3G) RF; generalizability to other frequencies/technologies not established in abstract",
    "Statistically non-significant cytokine decrease reported for RF pre-exposure before UV"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "1950 MHz",
    "3G",
    "mobile phone",
    "ultraviolet",
    "skin",
    "inflammation",
    "cytokines",
    "IL-1α",
    "IL-6",
    "IL-8",
    "MMP-1",
    "3D reconstructed human skin",
    "in vitro"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "RF exposure from mobile phones and discussion of SAR in skin; general relevance to RF safety evaluation."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124401
PubMed: Not supplied

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