Assessment of Inflammation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Exposed to Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Wi-Fi Radiation

2023 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 592

In a 3D reconstructed human skin model, 2422 MHz Wi‑Fi exposure combined with UV in different sequences showed a slight, non-significant increase in cytokine concentrations after prior UV exposure. An adaptive response phenomenon (protective effect of RF pre-…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2023

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Assessment of Inflammation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Exposed to Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Wi-Fi Radiation Szilágyi Z, Németh Z, Bakos J, Kubinyi G, Necz PP, Szabó E, Thuróczy G, Pinto R, Selmaoui B. Assessment of Inflammation in 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Exposed to Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Wi-Fi Radiation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2853. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032853. Abstract In the human environment, the increasing exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation, especially that emitted by wireless devices, could be absorbed in the body. Recently, mobile and emerging wireless technologies (UMTS, DECT, LTE, and Wi-Fi) have been using higher frequencies than 2G GSM systems (900/1800 MHz), which means that most of the circulating RF currents are absorbed into the skin and the superficial soft tissue. The harmful genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin are well-known. This study aimed at investigating whether 2422 MHz (Wi-Fi) RF exposure combined with UV radiation in different sequences has any effect on the inflammation process in the skin. In vitro experiments examined the inflammation process by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion in a 3D full-thickness human skin model. In the first study, UV exposure was immediately followed by RF exposure to measure the potential additive effects, while in the second study, the possible protective phenomenon (i.e., adaptive response) was investigated when adaptive RF exposure was challenged by UV radiation. Our results suggest that 2422 MHz Wi- Fi exposure slightly, not significantly increased cytokine concentrations of the prior UV exposure. We could not detect the adaptive response phenomenon. Open access paper: mdpi.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionno_effect

Population3D full-thickness human skin model (in vitro)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 2422 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Inflammation markers (cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8)
MMP-1 enzyme secretion
Potential additive effects of UV + RF sequence
Adaptive response/protective phenomenon when RF precedes UV

Limitations

In vitro 3D skin model; not a human clinical study
Wi‑Fi exposure parameters such as SAR and duration not provided in the abstract
Sample size not reported in the abstract
Reported changes were slight and not statistically significant

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "wi-fi",
    "frequency_mhz": 2422,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "3D full-thickness human skin model (in vitro)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Inflammation markers (cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8)",
    "MMP-1 enzyme secretion",
    "Potential additive effects of UV + RF sequence",
    "Adaptive response/protective phenomenon when RF precedes UV"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In a 3D reconstructed human skin model, 2422 MHz Wi‑Fi exposure combined with UV in different sequences showed a slight, non-significant increase in cytokine concentrations after prior UV exposure. An adaptive response phenomenon (protective effect of RF pre-exposure against UV challenge) was not detected.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro 3D skin model; not a human clinical study",
    "Wi‑Fi exposure parameters such as SAR and duration not provided in the abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Reported changes were slight and not statistically significant"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Wi-Fi",
    "2422 MHz",
    "radiofrequency",
    "UV radiation",
    "skin",
    "3D reconstructed human skin",
    "inflammation",
    "cytokines",
    "IL-1α",
    "IL-6",
    "IL-8",
    "MMP-1",
    "adaptive response"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032853
PubMed: Not supplied

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