Electric field distribution and SAR inside a human eye exposed to Virtual Reality glasses

2018 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 1926

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2018

Study typeengineering

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Electric field distribution and SAR inside a human eye exposed to Virtual Reality glasses Cvetkovic N, Krstic, D, Stankovic V, Jovanovic D. Electric field distribution and SAR inside a human eye exposed to VR glasses. IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation. 12(14):2234-2240. DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2018.5227. Nov 28, 2018 Abstract The aim of this study is a numerical analysis of the electric field and the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within a realistic 3D-human eye model exposed to electromagnetic (EM) wave of virtual reality (VR) glasses at the frequency of third generation, long-term evolution-4G, and the frequency of the latest generation of mobile networks - 5G. To obtain the values of the electric field and SAR, the numerical solution of equations of EM waves propagation has been used. A new realistic 3D-human head and human eye model has been created. The obtained results are shown for different biological tissues of the eye exposed to EM radiation from VR glasses at different frequencies. The maximum absorption of EM energy will be discussed for the following frequencies: 900MHz, 2.6GHz, and 28GHz. The maximum values of electric field strength in the human eye tissue at the frequencies 28GHz and 900MHz are 94.43 and 137.3V/m, respectively (higher than referent values), whereas for 2.6GHz amounts 8.62V/m (lower than referent limits). The obtained SAR peaks do not overcome prescribed safety values. digital-library.theiet.org

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionmixed

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Numerical modeling of a realistic 3D human head/eye exposed to EM waves from VR glasses at 900 MHz, 2.6 GHz, and 28 GHz reported maximum electric field strengths in eye tissue of 137.3 V/m (900 MHz), 8.62 V/m (2.6 GHz), and 94.43 V/m (28 GHz), with the 900 MHz and 28 GHz values described as higher than referent values and the 2.6 GHz value lower than referent limits. Reported SAR peaks did not exceed prescribed safety values.

Outcomes measured

Electric field distribution (V/m) in eye tissues
Specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution/peaks in eye tissues

Limitations

Numerical analysis/modeling study; no in vivo or clinical measurements reported in the abstract
No SAR values (in W/kg) are provided in the abstract, only that peaks do not exceed prescribed safety values
Exposure conditions (e.g., power levels, distance, usage duration) are not described in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "virtual reality glasses",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Electric field distribution (V/m) in eye tissues",
    "Specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution/peaks in eye tissues"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Numerical modeling of a realistic 3D human head/eye exposed to EM waves from VR glasses at 900 MHz, 2.6 GHz, and 28 GHz reported maximum electric field strengths in eye tissue of 137.3 V/m (900 MHz), 8.62 V/m (2.6 GHz), and 94.43 V/m (28 GHz), with the 900 MHz and 28 GHz values described as higher than referent values and the 2.6 GHz value lower than referent limits. Reported SAR peaks did not exceed prescribed safety values.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Numerical analysis/modeling study; no in vivo or clinical measurements reported in the abstract",
    "No SAR values (in W/kg) are provided in the abstract, only that peaks do not exceed prescribed safety values",
    "Exposure conditions (e.g., power levels, distance, usage duration) are not described in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "virtual reality glasses",
    "human eye model",
    "3D model",
    "electric field distribution",
    "SAR",
    "900 MHz",
    "2.6 GHz",
    "28 GHz",
    "4G",
    "5G",
    "mmWave"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.35,
      "reason": "Includes analysis at 28 GHz described as 5G frequency (mmWave)."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2018.5227
PubMed: Not supplied

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