The Effect of Radiation Emitted by Cell Phone on The Gelatinolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and

2020 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1534

Pre-antral follicles exposed to a cell phone in talking mode for 60 minutes had significantly lower maturation parameters and significantly decreased gelatinolytic activity versus controls (P<0.05). MMP-2 mRNA expression increased while MMP-9 mRNA expression …

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2020

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The Effect of Radiation Emitted by Cell Phone on The Gelatinolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 of Mouse Pre-Antral Follicles During In Vitro Culture Azimipour F, Zavareh S, Lashkarbolouki T. The Effect of Radiation Emitted by Cell Phone on The Gelatinolytic Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 of Mouse Pre-Antral Follicles During In Vitro Culture. Cell J. 2020 Apr;22(1):1-8. DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6548. Abstract Objective: The unfavorable effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by the cell phone on reproduction health are controversial. Metalloproteinases play a vital role in ovarian follicle development. This study was designed to investigate the effects of exposure to the cell phone on the gelatinolytic activity of in vitro cultured mouse pre-antral follicle. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, pre-antral follicles were isolated from ovaries of immature mice (n=16) and cultured with or without exposure to the cell phone in talking mode for 60 minutes. The gelatinolytic activity was evaluated through the zymography method, as well as the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) namely MMP-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) namely, TIMP-1 and -2 by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Also, in parallel, the development of pre-antral follicles was assessed. Results: The maturation parameters of the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles were significantly lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). The gelatinolytic activity was significantly decreased in the cell phone-exposed preantral follicles compared with the control group (P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of the MMP-2 gene was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles whereas the expression rate of the MMP-9 gene was considerably (P<0.05) reduced when compared with the control group. Conversely, the relative expression of the TIMP-1 was markedly (P<0.05) increased in the cell phone-exposed pre-antral follicles while the expression of the TIMP-2 was (P<0.05) significantly diminished in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Exposure to the cell phone alters the growth and maturation rate of murine ovarian follicle through the changing in the expression of the MMP-2 and -9 genes, as well as the gelatinolytic activity. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationPre-antral follicles isolated from ovaries of immature mice (in vitro culture)

Sample size16

Exposure60 minutes (talking mode)

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Maturation/development parameters of pre-antral follicles
Gelatinolytic activity (zymography)
mRNA expression of MMP-2
mRNA expression of MMP-9
mRNA expression of TIMP-1
mRNA expression of TIMP-2

Limitations

In vitro culture model (mouse follicles), not an in vivo exposure
Exposure characteristics (e.g., frequency, SAR, distance) not reported in the abstract
Small sample size (n=16 mice)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "60 minutes (talking mode)"
  },
  "population": "Pre-antral follicles isolated from ovaries of immature mice (in vitro culture)",
  "sample_size": 16,
  "outcomes": [
    "Maturation/development parameters of pre-antral follicles",
    "Gelatinolytic activity (zymography)",
    "mRNA expression of MMP-2",
    "mRNA expression of MMP-9",
    "mRNA expression of TIMP-1",
    "mRNA expression of TIMP-2"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Pre-antral follicles exposed to a cell phone in talking mode for 60 minutes had significantly lower maturation parameters and significantly decreased gelatinolytic activity versus controls (P<0.05). MMP-2 mRNA expression increased while MMP-9 mRNA expression decreased in exposed follicles; TIMP-1 increased and TIMP-2 decreased (all P<0.05).",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro culture model (mouse follicles), not an in vivo exposure",
    "Exposure characteristics (e.g., frequency, SAR, distance) not reported in the abstract",
    "Small sample size (n=16 mice)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "cell phone",
    "electromagnetic radiation",
    "mouse",
    "pre-antral follicle",
    "ovary",
    "reproductive health",
    "matrix metalloproteinase",
    "MMP-2",
    "MMP-9",
    "TIMP-1",
    "TIMP-2",
    "zymography",
    "PCR"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "rf-mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Exposure source is a cell phone in talking mode."
    },
    {
      "slug": "reproductive-health",
      "weight": 0.75,
      "reason": "Outcomes relate to ovarian follicle growth and maturation."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6548
PubMed: Not supplied

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