Long-term Electromagnetic Field Measurement and Assessment for a Shopping Mall

2016 · No effect · Insufficient evidence

← Research stream

No effectInsufficient evidencePaper 1408

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2016

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Long-term Electromagnetic Field Measurement and Assessment for a Shopping Mall Engiz BK, Kurnaz C. Long-term Electromagnetic Field Measurement and Assessment for a Shopping Mall. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2016 Nov 24. Abstract As a result of the dense deployment of wireless devices and base stations, measuring and evaluating the electromagnetic (EM) exposure levels they emit have become important to human health especially if they exceed the limits defined in the standards. Base stations, Wi-Fi equipment and other electronic devices are used heavily, especially in densely crowded places like shopping centers. In this study, electric field strength (E) measurements were conducted at one of the largest shopping malls in Turkey. Broadband E measurements were performed using PMM 8053 EM field strength meter for 24 h a day for the duration of one week while frequency selective measurements were carried out with SRM-3006 EM field strength meter. It is concluded from the measurements that the mean measured total E in the band between 100 kHz and 3 GHz is 0.59 V/m while the maximum E is 7.88 V/m, which are both below the limit determined by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Evolutions show that E can increase by up to 55% during the daytime. Analyses demonstrate that 71.3% of total E is caused by UMTS2100, 16.3% is produced by GSM900, 6.2% by LTE, 3.5% by Wi-Fi, and 2.7% is generated by devices that use the remaining frequency bands. Based on the detailed statistical analysis of long-term E measurement results, it can be concluded that the measured E levels are not in normal distribution and that they are statistically different with respect to days. Furthermore, distribution of E can be best modeled with the non-parametric approach. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionno_effect

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 24 h/day for one week

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Broadband measurements in a Turkish shopping mall found a mean total electric field strength of 0.59 V/m and a maximum of 7.88 V/m across 100 kHz–3 GHz; both were reported as below the ICNIRP limit. Daytime levels could increase by up to 55%. Frequency-selective analysis attributed 71.3% of total E to UMTS2100, 16.3% to GSM900, 6.2% to LTE, 3.5% to Wi-Fi, and 2.7% to remaining bands; E values were not normally distributed and differed by day.

Outcomes measured

Electric field strength (E) levels (100 kHz–3 GHz)
Mean and maximum E (V/m)
Daytime vs nighttime variation in E
Source contributions by service/band (UMTS2100, GSM900, LTE, Wi-Fi, other)
Statistical distribution characteristics of E measurements (normality; day-to-day differences; non-parametric modeling)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "base station, wi-fi, other electronic devices (shopping mall environment)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "24 h/day for one week"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Electric field strength (E) levels (100 kHz–3 GHz)",
    "Mean and maximum E (V/m)",
    "Daytime vs nighttime variation in E",
    "Source contributions by service/band (UMTS2100, GSM900, LTE, Wi-Fi, other)",
    "Statistical distribution characteristics of E measurements (normality; day-to-day differences; non-parametric modeling)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Broadband measurements in a Turkish shopping mall found a mean total electric field strength of 0.59 V/m and a maximum of 7.88 V/m across 100 kHz–3 GHz; both were reported as below the ICNIRP limit. Daytime levels could increase by up to 55%. Frequency-selective analysis attributed 71.3% of total E to UMTS2100, 16.3% to GSM900, 6.2% to LTE, 3.5% to Wi-Fi, and 2.7% to remaining bands; E values were not normally distributed and differed by day.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic field",
    "RF exposure",
    "electric field strength",
    "shopping mall",
    "Turkey",
    "broadband measurement",
    "frequency selective measurement",
    "PMM 8053",
    "SRM-3006",
    "UMTS2100",
    "GSM900",
    "LTE",
    "Wi-Fi",
    "ICNIRP"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.6,
      "reason": "Compares measured RF electric field levels to ICNIRP limits."
    }
  ]
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library