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Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band ( ~2.0 GHz) High-Power (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice

2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1040

In male ICR mice, exposure to L-band (~2.0 GHz) high-power microwave at 1.5 W/m2 was reported to cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and cerebral cortex (first somatosensory cortex), including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, a…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band ( ~2.0 GHz) High-Power (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice Lin Y, Gao P, Guo Y, Chen Q, Lang H, Guo Q, Miao X, Li J, Zeng L, Guo G. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band High-Power Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 4;2021:2237370. doi: 10.1155/2021/2237370. Abstract Currently, the impact of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on the nervous system is an increasingly arousing public concern. The present study was designed to explore the effects of continuous long-term exposure to L- band ( ~ 2.0 GHz) high-power microwave (L-HPM) on brain function and related mechanisms. Forty-eight male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed to L-HPM at various power densities (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) and the brain function was examined at different time periods after exposure. The morphology of the brain was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Furthermore, cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers, and the expression of c- fos were evaluated to identify a "potential" mechanism. The results showed that exposure to L-HPM at 1.5 W/m2 can cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and cerebral cortex (the first somatosensory cortex) of mice, including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. Moreover, the deleterious effects were closely related to the power density and exposure time, indicating that long-term and high-power density exposure may be detrimental to the nervous system. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
PopulationMale Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice
Sample size48
ExposureRF · 2000 MHz · continuous long-term exposure; examined at different time periods after exposure
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

In male ICR mice, exposure to L-band (~2.0 GHz) high-power microwave at 1.5 W/m2 was reported to cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and cerebral cortex (first somatosensory cortex), including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. The reported deleterious effects were described as related to power density and exposure time.

Outcomes measured

  • Brain morphology (HE staining)
  • Apoptosis (TUNEL staining)
  • Cholinergic markers
  • Oxidative stress markers
  • c-fos expression
  • Hippocampus (CA1, CA3) injury
  • Cerebral cortex (first somatosensory cortex) injury

Limitations

  • Exposure duration and specific time points after exposure are not specified in the abstract.
  • No SAR values are reported in the abstract.
  • Results for lower power densities (0.5 and 1.0 W/m2) are not detailed in the abstract.
  • Study design details (randomization/blinding) are not described in the abstract.
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "microwave (L-band high-power microwave)",
    "frequency_mhz": 2000,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "continuous long-term exposure; examined at different time periods after exposure"
  },
  "population": "Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice",
  "sample_size": 48,
  "outcomes": [
    "Brain morphology (HE staining)",
    "Apoptosis (TUNEL staining)",
    "Cholinergic markers",
    "Oxidative stress markers",
    "c-fos expression",
    "Hippocampus (CA1, CA3) injury",
    "Cerebral cortex (first somatosensory cortex) injury"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In male ICR mice, exposure to L-band (~2.0 GHz) high-power microwave at 1.5 W/m2 was reported to cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and cerebral cortex (first somatosensory cortex), including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. The reported deleterious effects were described as related to power density and exposure time.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Exposure duration and specific time points after exposure are not specified in the abstract.",
    "No SAR values are reported in the abstract.",
    "Results for lower power densities (0.5 and 1.0 W/m2) are not detailed in the abstract.",
    "Study design details (randomization/blinding) are not described in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "L-band",
    "2.0 GHz",
    "high-power microwave",
    "power density",
    "mouse",
    "hippocampus",
    "cerebral cortex",
    "apoptosis",
    "TUNEL",
    "cholinergic dysfunction",
    "oxidative stress",
    "c-fos"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "animal-studies",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Experimental RF/microwave exposure study in mice assessing brain outcomes."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1155/2021/2237370
PubMed: Not supplied

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