RF Safe

The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi

Applied Sciences · 2024 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 6868

Effects depended on EMF frequency and fungal species. Exposure to 900 MHz stimulated mycelial growth in all tested species and increased pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea, while 1800 MHz inhibited sporulation and spore germination, particularly in B. bassiana.

Study snapshot

PublicationApplied Sciences · 2024
Study typein_vitro
Reported directionMixed
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Background: The rapid development of mobile communication has caused an increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions in the environment. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of EMFs on microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the study was the determine the effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields on the entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea, and Metarhizium anisopliae. Methods: The entomopathogenic fungi developed under exposure to an EMF for seven days. After the termination of exposure, the linear colony growth, sporulation, gemination, and pathogenicity of the EPFs were investigated. Results: The effect of EMFs on B. bassiana, C. fumosorosea, and M. anisopliae depended on the EMF frequency and the tested fungus species. Exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the growth of the mycelium and the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi, whereas the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited sporulation and spore germination. Conclusions: The exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the development of the mycelium of all tested species and the pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea. The sporulation and germ tube length of the entomopathogenic fungi were stimulated by the 900 MHz frequency. The 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited the sporulation and spore germination of B. bassiana.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro
Effect directionmixed
PopulationEntomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea, and Metarhizium anisopliae
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 900 MHz · 7 days
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 95% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Effects depended on EMF frequency and fungal species. Exposure to 900 MHz stimulated mycelial growth in all tested species and increased pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea, while 1800 MHz inhibited sporulation and spore germination, particularly in B. bassiana.

Outcomes measured

  • linear colony growth
  • sporulation
  • germination
  • germ tube length
  • pathogenicity

Limitations

  • In vitro study
  • Sample size not stated in abstract
  • Effects varied by frequency and species
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": 900,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "7 days"
  },
  "population": "Entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea, and Metarhizium anisopliae",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "linear colony growth",
    "sporulation",
    "germination",
    "germ tube length",
    "pathogenicity"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Effects depended on EMF frequency and fungal species. Exposure to 900 MHz stimulated mycelial growth in all tested species and increased pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea, while 1800 MHz inhibited sporulation and spore germination, particularly in B. bassiana.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro study",
    "Sample size not stated in abstract",
    "Effects varied by frequency and species"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.95,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic field",
    "EMF",
    "RF",
    "900 MHz",
    "1800 MHz",
    "entomopathogenic fungi",
    "Beauveria bassiana",
    "Cordyceps fumosorosea",
    "Metarhizium anisopliae",
    "sporulation",
    "germination",
    "pathogenicity"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/app142411508
PubMed: Not supplied

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