The vertical pattern of microwave radiation around BTS (Base Transceiver Station) antennae in Hashtgerd township.

Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2013 · Unclear · Low evidence

← Research stream

UnclearLow evidencePaper 6538

Measurements around BTS antennae in Hashtgerd (Iran) indicated that power density increased with increasing measurement height and with decreasing vertical distance to the broadcasting antenna, for both Irancell and Hamrah-e-Aval operators. A statistically si…

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2013

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

New environmental pollutants interfere with the environment and human life along with technology development. One of these pollutants is electromagnetic field. This study determines the vertical microwave radiation pattern of different types of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) antennae in the Hashtgerd city as the capital of Savojbolagh County, Alborz Province of Iran. The basic data including the geographical location of the BTS antennae in the city, brand, operator type, installation and its height was collected from radio communication office, and then the measurements were carried out according to IEEE STD 95. 1 by the SPECTRAN 4060. The statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS16 using Kolmogorov Smirnov test and multiple regression method. Results indicated that in both operators of Irancell and Hamrah-e-Aval (First Operator), the power density rose with an increase in measurement height or decrease in the vertical distance of broadcaster antenna. With mix model test, a significant statistical relationship was observed between measurement height and the average power density in both types of the operators. With increasing measuring height, power density increased in both operators. The study showed installing antennae in a crowded area needs more care because of higher radiation emission. More rigid surfaces and mobile users are two important factors in crowded area that can increase wave density and hence raise public microwave exposure.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Power density (microwave radiation) vs measurement height/vertical distance from BTS antenna

Limitations

Frequency/frequency bands not reported in abstract
No sample size or number of BTS sites/measurements reported in abstract
No quantitative exposure levels (e.g., power density values) reported in abstract
No health outcomes assessed; exposure mapping only

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": "base station",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Power density (microwave radiation) vs measurement height/vertical distance from BTS antenna"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Measurements around BTS antennae in Hashtgerd (Iran) indicated that power density increased with increasing measurement height and with decreasing vertical distance to the broadcasting antenna, for both Irancell and Hamrah-e-Aval operators. A statistically significant relationship between measurement height and average power density was reported.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Frequency/frequency bands not reported in abstract",
    "No sample size or number of BTS sites/measurements reported in abstract",
    "No quantitative exposure levels (e.g., power density values) reported in abstract",
    "No health outcomes assessed; exposure mapping only"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "base transceiver station",
    "BTS",
    "microwave radiation",
    "power density",
    "vertical pattern",
    "measurement height",
    "Iran",
    "IEEE STD 95.1",
    "SPECTRAN 4060"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.2,
      "reason": "Study involves environmental RF measurements around BTS antennae; not clearly occupational but relates to exposure assessment near infrastructure."
    }
  ]
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-11-40
PubMed: 24359870

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library