Microwaves and cellular immunity. I. Effect of whole body microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factor production in mouse cells.

Bioelectrochemistry and bioenergetics (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 1999 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 6351

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectrochemistry and bioenergetics (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 1999

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Whole body microwave sinusoidal irradiation of male NMRI mice with 8.15-18 GHz (1 Hz within) at a power density of 1 microW/cm2 caused a significant enhancement of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Microwave radiation affected T cells, facilitating their capacity to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation. The exposure duration necessary for the stimulation of cellular immunity ranged from 5 h to 3 days. Chronic irradiation of mice for 7 days produced the decreasing of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages. The exposure of mice for 24 h increased the TNF production and immune proliferative response, and these stimulatory effects persisted over 3 days after the termination of exposure. Microwave treatment increased the endogenously produced TNF more effectively than did lipopolysaccharide, one of the most potential stimuli of synthesis of this cytokine. The role of microwaves as a factor interfering with the process of cell immunity is discussed.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationMale NMRI mice

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposuremicrowave · 5 h to 3 days; chronic 7 days; 24 h exposure with effects persisting >3 days post-exposure

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Whole-body microwave sinusoidal irradiation (8.15–18 GHz; power density 1 µW/cm²) significantly enhanced TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes and facilitated T-cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation. Exposure for 24 h increased TNF production and immune proliferative response, with stimulatory effects persisting for more than 3 days after exposure ended. Chronic irradiation for 7 days decreased TNF production in peritoneal macrophages.

Outcomes measured

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in peritoneal macrophages
TNF production in splenic T lymphocytes
T-cell proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation

Limitations

Sample size not reported in the provided abstract/metadata
No SAR reported in the provided abstract/metadata
Exposure characterization beyond frequency range and power density is limited in the provided abstract/metadata
Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the provided abstract/metadata

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "5 h to 3 days; chronic 7 days; 24 h exposure with effects persisting >3 days post-exposure"
  },
  "population": "Male NMRI mice",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in peritoneal macrophages",
    "TNF production in splenic T lymphocytes",
    "T-cell proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Whole-body microwave sinusoidal irradiation (8.15–18 GHz; power density 1 µW/cm²) significantly enhanced TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes and facilitated T-cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation. Exposure for 24 h increased TNF production and immune proliferative response, with stimulatory effects persisting for more than 3 days after exposure ended. Chronic irradiation for 7 days decreased TNF production in peritoneal macrophages.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the provided abstract/metadata",
    "No SAR reported in the provided abstract/metadata",
    "Exposure characterization beyond frequency range and power density is limited in the provided abstract/metadata",
    "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the provided abstract/metadata"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "microwave irradiation",
    "whole-body exposure",
    "8.15–18 GHz",
    "power density 1 µW/cm2",
    "mouse",
    "NMRI",
    "tumor necrosis factor",
    "TNF",
    "peritoneal macrophages",
    "splenic T lymphocytes",
    "T-cell proliferation",
    "cellular immunity"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(99)00058-6
PubMed: 10619445

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