Effect of microwave radiation on permeability of liposomes. Evidence against non-thermal leakage.
← Research streamIn unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes exposed at 37.6 ± 0.5 °C, 2.45 GHz microwave exposure did not produce a non-thermal increase in permeability beyond that seen with thermal heating for the same 5–20 min intervals. The authors conclude that previous…
Study snapshot
Abstract
The effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the permeability of unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes has been studied. Leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein from the liposomes was measured using spectrofluorimetry after exposure to either microwaves or thermal heating for 5-20 min intervals. The exposure temperature, 37.6 +/- 0.5 degrees C, was well above the phase transition temperature of the lipid membrane. The microwave exposure did not result in any non-thermal increase in permeability above that produced by thermal heating. This study refutes the results reported by Saalman et al. [1] in which an increased liposome permeability due to microwave exposure was reported. The refined analysis in the present study shows that this increased liposome permeability was not a non-thermal microwave effect.
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
In unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes exposed at 37.6 ± 0.5 °C, 2.45 GHz microwave exposure did not produce a non-thermal increase in permeability beyond that seen with thermal heating for the same 5–20 min intervals. The authors conclude that previously reported increased permeability was not a non-thermal microwave effect.
Outcomes measured
- Liposome membrane permeability
- Leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein from unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes
Limitations
- No sample size reported in abstract
- Specific absorption rate (SAR) or dosimetry details not reported in abstract
- Exposure temperature was above the lipid phase transition temperature, which may limit generalizability to other membrane states
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "in_vitro",
"exposure": {
"band": "microwave",
"source": null,
"frequency_mhz": 2450,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": "5–20 min"
},
"population": null,
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Liposome membrane permeability",
"Leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein from unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes"
],
"main_findings": "In unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes exposed at 37.6 ± 0.5 °C, 2.45 GHz microwave exposure did not produce a non-thermal increase in permeability beyond that seen with thermal heating for the same 5–20 min intervals. The authors conclude that previously reported increased permeability was not a non-thermal microwave effect.",
"effect_direction": "no_effect",
"limitations": [
"No sample size reported in abstract",
"Specific absorption rate (SAR) or dosimetry details not reported in abstract",
"Exposure temperature was above the lipid phase transition temperature, which may limit generalizability to other membrane states"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.78,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"2.45 GHz",
"microwave radiation",
"liposomes",
"phosphatidylcholine",
"permeability",
"carboxyfluorescein leakage",
"non-thermal effects",
"thermal heating"
],
"suggested_hubs": []
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90150-3
PubMed: 7918582
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