The properties of bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers and as receptors of microwave radiation. I. Bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers.

{
  "study_type": "other",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "microwave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Piezoelectric resonances of feather calami (1–20 kHz)",
    "Feathers as dielectric receptors of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region (property investigated)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The study investigated bird feathers as piezoelectric transducers in the audiofrequency range and as dielectric receptors of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region. It reports piezoelectric resonances in the 1–20 kHz region for the calami of feathers.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No microwave exposure parameters (frequency, power, duration) reported in the abstract",
    "No sample size or species details reported in the abstract",
    "Abstract reports resonance findings but does not report biological/health outcomes"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.66,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "bird feathers",
    "calami",
    "piezoelectric",
    "converse piezoelectric transducers",
    "audiofrequency",
    "1–20 kHz",
    "microwave radiation",
    "dielectric receptors",
    "electromagnetic radiation"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}