Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study.

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "0.5, 1, 2, 3 h"
  },
  "population": "In vitro cell lines: cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells in exponential growth phase",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Cell viability (MTT assay)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells exposed to ELF-EMF (2, 20, 30, 50, 60 Hz; sinusoidal/square/triangular; 0.5–3 h) showed different effects on cell viability compared with sham exposure.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Preliminary study",
    "In vitro design; findings may not translate to in vivo or human health outcomes",
    "Sample size and exposure intensity not reported in abstract",
    "Direction/magnitude of viability changes not specified in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "very_low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "electromagnetic field",
    "in vitro",
    "cell viability",
    "MTT",
    "cancer cells",
    "noncancerous cells",
    "U87-MG",
    "143B",
    "BJ",
    "HEK",
    "sham exposure",
    "frequency",
    "waveform"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "elf-emf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study examines extremely low frequency (2–60 Hz) electromagnetic field exposure effects on cells."
    }
  ]
}