Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields. The situation in Greece.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) · 2018 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 5533

Study snapshot

PublicationPhysica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) · 2018

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

PURPOSE: The management of the occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issue of great scientific, social and economic significance, was under intense negotiations at European level over the last twenty years; the Directive 2013/35/EU is the new legislative tool. The presented study deals with the practical aspects of the Directive's implementation. METHODS: The appropriate, extensive measurements and the overall EMF exposure assessments (i.e. exposure mapping, identification of hot spots, proposition of solutions) were conducted in specific workplaces, including power production, railway, broadcasting, clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems, industrial and research sites, as well as common office workplaces. RESULTS: The vast majority of the performed EMF assessments did not reveal occupational overexposures; moreover in most of the cases, even the general public exposure limits (in the above occupational areas) were not exceeded. The very few localized overexposures detected, were manageable on the basis of the technical and organizational OHS principles. On the contrary, the maintenance procedures of the EMF emitting equipment, as recorded in this survey, presented overexposures revealing a challenging field. CONCLUSIONS: This study lays a firm basis for the clarification of the occupational EMF environment, where potential exposures might be high. The proper risk assessment demands precise exposure identification and deep understanding of the EMF nature and hazards. Misconceptions range from the common exposure overestimation to the rarer case of the maintenance hazards underestimation, while attention is needed concerning the proper application of the complex limiting system of the Directive.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionmixed

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureNot supplied

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Across multiple workplace settings in Greece, most EMF exposure assessments did not identify occupational overexposures; in most cases even general public exposure limits were not exceeded. A small number of localized overexposures were found and described as manageable with technical/organizational OHS measures, while maintenance procedures more often presented overexposures.

Outcomes measured

Workplace EMF exposure levels relative to occupational limits (Directive 2013/35/EU)
Identification of EMF hot spots and localized overexposures
Overexposures during maintenance procedures of EMF-emitting equipment

Limitations

No quantitative exposure metrics or specific frequencies reported in the abstract
Sample size/number of workplaces assessed not stated
Health outcomes were not assessed; focus is on compliance/exposure mapping

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "occupational",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Workplace EMF exposure levels relative to occupational limits (Directive 2013/35/EU)",
    "Identification of EMF hot spots and localized overexposures",
    "Overexposures during maintenance procedures of EMF-emitting equipment"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Across multiple workplace settings in Greece, most EMF exposure assessments did not identify occupational overexposures; in most cases even general public exposure limits were not exceeded. A small number of localized overexposures were found and described as manageable with technical/organizational OHS measures, while maintenance procedures more often presented overexposures.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "No quantitative exposure metrics or specific frequencies reported in the abstract",
    "Sample size/number of workplaces assessed not stated",
    "Health outcomes were not assessed; focus is on compliance/exposure mapping"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "occupational exposure",
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "Directive 2013/35/EU",
    "exposure assessment",
    "exposure mapping",
    "hot spots",
    "power production",
    "railway",
    "broadcasting",
    "MRI",
    "industrial sites",
    "research sites",
    "office workplaces",
    "maintenance procedures",
    "Greece"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.95,
      "reason": "Study focuses on occupational EMF measurements and exposure assessments across workplaces, framed by OHS and Directive 2013/35/EU."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.011
PubMed: 29866347

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