Effects of power frequency alternating magnetic fields on reproduction and pre-natal development of mice.

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Males: 9 weeks prior to mating through fertilization until cesarean section; Females: 2 weeks prior to mating through fertilization until cesarean section"
  },
  "population": "ICR male and female mice (fetuses assessed)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Pre-implantation loss",
    "Post-implantation loss",
    "Total implantation loss",
    "Number of live fetuses",
    "Sex ratio",
    "Live fetal weight",
    "External abnormalities",
    "Skeletal anomalies",
    "Visceral anomalies"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Mice exposed to 50-Hz alternating magnetic fields at 0.5 mT or 5.0 mT (rms) showed no significant differences versus sham in implantation losses, number of live fetuses, sex ratio, fetal weight, external abnormalities, or skeletal/visceral anomalies assessed on gestation day 18.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Details of randomization/blinding and exposure characterization beyond field strength/frequency are not described in the abstract",
    "Outcomes assessed up to gestation day 18 only (no postnatal follow-up described)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "50 Hz",
    "power frequency",
    "alternating magnetic field",
    "ELF",
    "mice",
    "reproduction",
    "prenatal development",
    "skeletal examination",
    "visceral examination",
    "implantation loss"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "elf-power-frequency",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Animal study of 50-Hz (power-frequency) magnetic field exposure at 0.5 and 5.0 mT and reproductive/developmental outcomes."
    }
  ]
}