Acute effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo.

In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 2004 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 5229

Exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal EMF at 30 mT for 30 minutes significantly increased the number of adherent leukocytes (rolling + endothelium-adhering) compared with pre-exposure (p<0.05). No distinct changes were observed in mean velocity of free-flowing leukocy…

Study snapshot

PublicationIn vivo (Athens, Greece) · 2004

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To clarify the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the microcirculatory system, acute effects on leukocyte-endothelium interactions resulting from ELF-EMF exposure were examined with conscious BALB/c mice by means of a dorsal skinfold chamber. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fluorescent dye, rhodamine 6G, was injected into the caudal vein to visualize leukocytes in vivo and to analyze leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Mice were exposed in vivo to 50 Hz linear sinusoidal wave EMF at magnetic flux densities of 3, 10 or 30 mT, for 30 minutes. RESULTS: The mean velocity of free flowing leukocytes in the center stream of venules revealed no distinct changes following exposure. However, at a flux density of 30 mT, the number of adherent leukocytes, defined as the total number of rolling and endothelium-adhering leukocytes, increased significantly following ELF-EMF exposure (p<0.05); no significant differences in adherent cell numbers were found in the 3 mT and 10 mT exposure groups or sham controls comparing pre- and post-exposure periods. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that high magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMF had an effect on leukocyte-endothelium interactions and indicated that a threshold level for this phenomenon exists in the range of 10-30 mT under these experimental conditions.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationConscious BALB/c mice (dorsal skinfold chamber model)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · 0.05 MHz · 30 minutes

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Leukocyte velocity in venules (free-flowing leukocytes)
Number of adherent leukocytes (rolling + endothelium-adhering)
Leukocyte-endothelium interactions in vivo

Limitations

Sample size not reported in the abstract
Acute exposure only (30 minutes); no longer-term outcomes reported
Animal model; generalizability to humans not addressed
Exposure source/setup details beyond waveform, frequency, and flux density not provided in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 0.05,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "30 minutes"
  },
  "population": "Conscious BALB/c mice (dorsal skinfold chamber model)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Leukocyte velocity in venules (free-flowing leukocytes)",
    "Number of adherent leukocytes (rolling + endothelium-adhering)",
    "Leukocyte-endothelium interactions in vivo"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal EMF at 30 mT for 30 minutes significantly increased the number of adherent leukocytes (rolling + endothelium-adhering) compared with pre-exposure (p<0.05). No distinct changes were observed in mean velocity of free-flowing leukocytes, and no significant differences in adherent leukocyte numbers were found at 3 mT or 10 mT or in sham controls.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Acute exposure only (30 minutes); no longer-term outcomes reported",
    "Animal model; generalizability to humans not addressed",
    "Exposure source/setup details beyond waveform, frequency, and flux density not provided in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF-EMF",
    "50 Hz",
    "magnetic flux density",
    "3 mT",
    "10 mT",
    "30 mT",
    "microcirculation",
    "leukocyte-endothelial interactions",
    "rolling",
    "adhesion",
    "dorsal skinfold chamber",
    "BALB/c mice"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 15113039

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