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Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field (TEMF) and gamma irradiation on human breast cancer xenograft growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.

Cancer cell international · 2005 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 5172

In tumors >35 mm3, TEMF or irradiation (24 hours previously) was associated with decreased blood vessels in the subcortex and more endothelial pseudopods projecting into hypoxic (HIF-positive) areas compared with controls. Mice receiving either TEMF or irradi…

Study snapshot

PublicationCancer cell international · 2005
Study typeanimal
Reported directionBenefit
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effects of a rectified semi-sinewave signal (15 mT amplitude, 120 pulses per second, EMF Therapeutics, Inc.) (TEMF) alone and in combination with gamma irradiation (IR) therapy in nude mice bearing a human MDA MB231 breast cancer xenograft were tested. Green fluorescence protein transfected cancer cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of young female mice. Six weeks later, mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: untreated controls; 10 minute daily TEMF; 200 cGy of IR every other day (total 800 cGy); IR plus daily TEMF. Some mice in each group were euthanized 24 hours after the end of IR. TEMF treatment continued for 3 additional weeks. Tumor sections were stained for: endothelial cells with CD31 and PAS or hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF). RESULTS: Most tumors <35 mm3 were white but tumors >35 mm3 were pink and had a vascularized capsule. The cortex within 100 microns of the capsule had little vascularization. Blood vessels, capillaries, and endothelial pseudopods were found at >100 microns from the capsule (subcortex). Tumors >35 mm3 treated with IR 24 hours previously or with TEMF had decreased blood vessels in the subcortex and more endothelial pseudopods projecting into hypoxic, HIF positive areas than tumors from the control group. Mice that received either IR or TEMF had significantly fewer lung metastatic sites and slower tumor growth than did untreated mice. No harmful side effects were attributed to TEMF. CONCLUSION: TEMF therapy provided a safe means for retarding tumor vascularization, growth and metastasis.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionbenefit
PopulationNude mice bearing a human MDA MB231 breast cancer xenograft (GFP-transfected cells injected into mammary fat pad)
Sample sizeNot supplied
Exposure10 minute daily TEMF; some mice continued TEMF for 3 additional weeks
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

In tumors >35 mm3, TEMF or irradiation (24 hours previously) was associated with decreased blood vessels in the subcortex and more endothelial pseudopods projecting into hypoxic (HIF-positive) areas compared with controls. Mice receiving either TEMF or irradiation had significantly fewer lung metastatic sites and slower tumor growth than untreated mice; no harmful side effects were attributed to TEMF.

Outcomes measured

  • Tumor growth
  • Angiogenesis/vascularization (CD31/PAS staining; endothelial pseudopods)
  • Tumor hypoxia (HIF-1alpha positivity)
  • Lung metastasis sites
  • Adverse effects/side effects

Limitations

  • Sample size not reported in the abstract
  • Animal xenograft model; generalizability to humans not established in the abstract
  • Exposure parameters beyond amplitude (15 mT) and pulse rate (120 pulses/second) not fully described in the abstract
  • Combination (IR plus TEMF) group described but comparative results for the combination vs single treatments are not clearly detailed in the abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "therapeutic electromagnetic field (TEMF) device",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "10 minute daily TEMF; some mice continued TEMF for 3 additional weeks"
  },
  "population": "Nude mice bearing a human MDA MB231 breast cancer xenograft (GFP-transfected cells injected into mammary fat pad)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Tumor growth",
    "Angiogenesis/vascularization (CD31/PAS staining; endothelial pseudopods)",
    "Tumor hypoxia (HIF-1alpha positivity)",
    "Lung metastasis sites",
    "Adverse effects/side effects"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In tumors >35 mm3, TEMF or irradiation (24 hours previously) was associated with decreased blood vessels in the subcortex and more endothelial pseudopods projecting into hypoxic (HIF-positive) areas compared with controls. Mice receiving either TEMF or irradiation had significantly fewer lung metastatic sites and slower tumor growth than untreated mice; no harmful side effects were attributed to TEMF.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Animal xenograft model; generalizability to humans not established in the abstract",
    "Exposure parameters beyond amplitude (15 mT) and pulse rate (120 pulses/second) not fully described in the abstract",
    "Combination (IR plus TEMF) group described but comparative results for the combination vs single treatments are not clearly detailed in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "therapeutic electromagnetic field",
    "TEMF",
    "rectified semi-sinewave",
    "15 mT",
    "120 pulses per second",
    "gamma irradiation",
    "breast cancer",
    "MDA MB231",
    "xenograft",
    "nude mice",
    "angiogenesis",
    "CD31",
    "PAS",
    "HIF-1alpha",
    "metastasis",
    "lung metastasis"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "cancer-therapy-emf",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Therapeutic EMF exposure tested for effects on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft model."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-5-23
PubMed: 16045802

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