Evaluation of ginkgo biloba extract on hematological changes affected with hazards of electromagnetic field exposure.

International journal of biomedical science : IJBS · 2009 · Mixed · Very low evidence

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MixedVery low evidencePaper 4942

Study snapshot

PublicationInternational journal of biomedical science : IJBS · 2009

Study typeanimal

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingVery low

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to study if the GBE 761 (Ginkgo biloba leaves extract) which is beneficial in arterial disease owing to its vasodilator and blood flow acts against the hazards of exposure to electromagnetic field. Here, the GBE was used in two ways either as a protector or for treating the hazards due to exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF). For this purpose, albino rats were grouped into six groups and blood samples were collected from eye vein of the animals from all groups at the end of the experiment. This study concentrates on the cellular membrane and function of the RBCs and focuses on the rheological and physical measurements for blood and hemoglobin molecule because the RBCs membranes play an essential role in the blood flow rate. The changes in its biophysical properties of RBCs membrane will affect its capability for carrying on its metabolic functions. Furthermore, the molecular diameter of hemoglobin, its relaxation time and conductivity were calculated from the dielectric relaxation data. The results indicate that the administration of GBE led to the decrease of RBCs membrane elasticity will lead to the increase of the blood viscosity. Results suggest that GBE may be not of clinical value as anti-oxidant drug for such diseases occurred due to to EMF exposure for long time. It may be conclude that through treatment with those extract some physical measurements like "viscosity of blood, Osmotic fragility to measure the hemolysis rat of RBCs, the radius and the conductivity of hemoglobin molecule" should be considered during the time of treatment. Overall, these leaves (GBE) need more study and there is a recommendation to put the physical parameters parallel to the clinical study.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionmixed

PopulationAlbino rats

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposurelong time (mentioned; not quantified)

Evidence strengthVery lowConfidence: 66% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

In albino rats exposed to EMF, the study evaluated Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE 761) used as a protector or as treatment. The results indicate that administration of GBE decreased RBC membrane elasticity, which would lead to increased blood viscosity, and the authors suggest GBE may not be of clinical value as an antioxidant drug for diseases occurring due to long-term EMF exposure.

Outcomes measured

RBC (red blood cell) membrane properties (elasticity/biophysical properties)
Blood viscosity
Osmotic fragility / hemolysis rate of RBCs
Hemoglobin molecule parameters (molecular diameter/radius, relaxation time, conductivity)
Dielectric relaxation data-derived measures

Limitations

EMF exposure characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity/SAR) not reported in the abstract
Sample size not reported in the abstract
Outcome reporting is qualitative/interpretive in places (e.g., inferred viscosity change)
Unclear details on group assignments and comparisons (protector vs treatment)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "long time (mentioned; not quantified)"
  },
  "population": "Albino rats",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "RBC (red blood cell) membrane properties (elasticity/biophysical properties)",
    "Blood viscosity",
    "Osmotic fragility / hemolysis rate of RBCs",
    "Hemoglobin molecule parameters (molecular diameter/radius, relaxation time, conductivity)",
    "Dielectric relaxation data-derived measures"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In albino rats exposed to EMF, the study evaluated Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE 761) used as a protector or as treatment. The results indicate that administration of GBE decreased RBC membrane elasticity, which would lead to increased blood viscosity, and the authors suggest GBE may not be of clinical value as an antioxidant drug for diseases occurring due to long-term EMF exposure.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "EMF exposure characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity/SAR) not reported in the abstract",
    "Sample size not reported in the abstract",
    "Outcome reporting is qualitative/interpretive in places (e.g., inferred viscosity change)",
    "Unclear details on group assignments and comparisons (protector vs treatment)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "very_low",
  "confidence": 0.66,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic field",
    "EMF exposure",
    "Ginkgo biloba extract",
    "GBE 761",
    "albino rats",
    "hematological changes",
    "red blood cells",
    "RBC membrane elasticity",
    "blood viscosity",
    "osmotic fragility",
    "hemoglobin",
    "dielectric relaxation"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "animal-studies",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study conducted in albino rats assessing blood/RBC outcomes under EMF exposure."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 23675142

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