Effects of electromagnetic field frequencies on chondrocytes in 3D cell-printed composite constructs.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2016 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4870

The study reports frequency-dependent effects of EMF exposure on chondrogenesis in 3D cell-printed cartilage constructs. EMF at 45 Hz promoted chondrocyte gene expression and extracellular matrix secretion, while 7.5 Hz suppressed chondrogenic differentiation…

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2016

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

In cartilage tissue engineering, electromagnetic field (EMF) therapy has been reported to have a modest effect on promoting cartilage regeneration. However, these studies were conducted using different frequencies of EMF to stimulate chondrocytes. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of EMF frequency on cartilage formation. In addition to the stimulation, a scaffold is required to satisfy the characteristics of cartilage such as its hydrated and dense extracellular matrix, and a mechanical resilience to applied loads. Therefore, we 3D-printed a composite construct composed of a polymeric framework and a chondrocyte-laden hydrogel. Here, we observed frequency-dependent positive and negative effects on chondrogenesis using a 3D cell-printed cartilage tissue. We found that a frequency of 45 Hz promoted gene expression and secretion of extracellular matrix molecules of chondrocytes. In contrast, a frequency of 7.5 Hz suppressed chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Additionally, the EMF-treated composite constructs prior to implantation showed consistent results with those of in vitro, suggesting that in vitro pre-treatment with different EMF frequencies provides different capabilities for the enhancement of cartilage formation in vivo. This correlation between EMF frequency and 3D-printed chondrocytes suggests the necessity for optimization of EMF parameters when this physical stimulus is applied to engineered cartilage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1797-1804, 2016.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionmixed

PopulationChondrocytes in 3D cell-printed composite constructs (polymeric framework + chondrocyte-laden hydrogel)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Chondrogenesis/cartilage formation
Gene expression in chondrocytes
Secretion of extracellular matrix molecules
Chondrogenic differentiation in vitro
Cartilage formation in vivo after implantation (pre-treated constructs)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "EMF therapy",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Chondrocytes in 3D cell-printed composite constructs (polymeric framework + chondrocyte-laden hydrogel)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Chondrogenesis/cartilage formation",
    "Gene expression in chondrocytes",
    "Secretion of extracellular matrix molecules",
    "Chondrogenic differentiation in vitro",
    "Cartilage formation in vivo after implantation (pre-treated constructs)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The study reports frequency-dependent effects of EMF exposure on chondrogenesis in 3D cell-printed cartilage constructs. EMF at 45 Hz promoted chondrocyte gene expression and extracellular matrix secretion, while 7.5 Hz suppressed chondrogenic differentiation in vitro; pre-implantation EMF treatment showed consistent results with in vitro findings after implantation.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "electromagnetic field",
    "EMF therapy",
    "frequency-dependent effects",
    "45 Hz",
    "7.5 Hz",
    "chondrocytes",
    "3D cell printing",
    "cartilage tissue engineering",
    "chondrogenesis",
    "extracellular matrix"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "tissue-engineering",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Study evaluates EMF stimulation parameters in 3D-printed cartilage tissue constructs."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35714
PubMed: 26991030

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