RF Safe

Survival Assessment of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos After Exposure to Cell Phone Radiation.

Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2016 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 4834

Survival to the blastocyst stage was similar between EMF-exposed and control groups. The EMF-exposed group had a significantly higher percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage (p=0.03) and significantly increased loss of cell viability in blastocysts (p=…

Study snapshot

PublicationJournal of reproduction & infertility · 2016
Study typeanimal
Reported directionMixed
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Using cellular phone has rapidly increased all over the world. Also, the concern on the possible health hazards of electromagnetic fields (EMF) induced from cell phones to reproduction has been growing in many countries. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences and effects of exposure to the cell phone radiation on the quality and survival rates of preimplantation embryos in mice. METHODS: A total of 40 mice (20 females and 20 males), 6 weeks old and sexually mature BALB/c, were used for control and experimental groups. The ovary burses were removed and the zygotes were dissected in the morning after mating. Next, 2-cell embryos were divided into two groups of control (n=150) and experimental (n=150). EMF (900-1800 MHz) was used for four days in experimental group for 30 min/day in culture at 37°C in a CO 2 incubator. The quality of embryos was recorded daily and the fluorescent staining was used for identification of viable blastocysts. All data were compared by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The rate of embryo survival to the blastocysts stage was similar in both groups. However, the percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in EMF-exposed group compared with controls (p=0.03). Also, the loss of cell viability significantly increased in experimental blastocysts (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: The normal embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage indicates that EMF-exposure commonly did not have adverse effect on embryo development in mice. But, it caused loss of blastocysts cell viability.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionmixed
PopulationBALB/c mice preimplantation embryos (2-cell embryos cultured in vitro)
Sample size40
ExposureRF · 30 min/day for 4 days
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Survival to the blastocyst stage was similar between EMF-exposed and control groups. The EMF-exposed group had a significantly higher percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage (p=0.03) and significantly increased loss of cell viability in blastocysts (p=0.002).

Outcomes measured

  • Embryo survival to blastocyst stage
  • Percentage of dead embryos at 2-cell stage
  • Blastocyst cell viability (fluorescent staining)
  • Embryo quality (recorded daily)

Limitations

  • Exposure described as EMF (900–1800 MHz) but specific phone model/setup and dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract
  • In vitro embryo culture conditions may not reflect in vivo exposure
  • Statistical methods and outcomes are briefly described; limited detail on randomization/blinding in abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "30 min/day for 4 days"
  },
  "population": "BALB/c mice preimplantation embryos (2-cell embryos cultured in vitro)",
  "sample_size": 40,
  "outcomes": [
    "Embryo survival to blastocyst stage",
    "Percentage of dead embryos at 2-cell stage",
    "Blastocyst cell viability (fluorescent staining)",
    "Embryo quality (recorded daily)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Survival to the blastocyst stage was similar between EMF-exposed and control groups. The EMF-exposed group had a significantly higher percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage (p=0.03) and significantly increased loss of cell viability in blastocysts (p=0.002).",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Exposure described as EMF (900–1800 MHz) but specific phone model/setup and dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract",
    "In vitro embryo culture conditions may not reflect in vivo exposure",
    "Statistical methods and outcomes are briefly described; limited detail on randomization/blinding in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "mouse",
    "preimplantation embryos",
    "blastocyst",
    "cell viability",
    "embryo survival",
    "RF-EMF",
    "cell phone radiation",
    "900-1800 MHz"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Study explicitly assesses effects of cell phone radiation (900–1800 MHz) on embryos."
    }
  ]
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 27478766

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