RF Safe

Dosimetric study on eye's exposure to wide band radio frequency electromagnetic fields: variability by the ocular axial length.

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 4699

Using FDTD simulations on a generic eye model deformed to create 64 eyes with varying ocular axial length (OAL), the study found that changing OAL did not increase EMF absorption (SAR) in the eyes or eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was pro…

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 2014
Study typeengineering
Reported directionNo effect
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

This paper evaluates the variability of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human eye. This variability results from changes in ocular axial length (OAL), which is common in many ophthalmologic and vision abnormalities, including myopia. A generic eye model was reconstructed according to published data. The feasibility of using the generic model in numerical research of electromagnetic fields (EMF) was demonstrated by means of comparative simulations with eye models reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) scans. Free-form deformation (FFD) was used to deform the OAL of the generic eye model. Thus, 64 deformed eyes were created and were categorized according to the OAL increase. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied in the simulations. The results revealed that changing the OAL does not increase EMF absorption in the eyes or the eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was produced by the changes of OAL. The results also indicated that the non-pathological increment of the OAL, which is inevitable during the childhood, does not increase the SAR in the eyes.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering
Effect directionno_effect
PopulationHuman eye models (generic model and models reconstructed from MR scans)
Sample size64
ExposureRF
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Using FDTD simulations on a generic eye model deformed to create 64 eyes with varying ocular axial length (OAL), the study found that changing OAL did not increase EMF absorption (SAR) in the eyes or eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was produced by changes in OAL, and non-pathological OAL increases during childhood did not increase SAR.

Outcomes measured

  • Specific absorption rate (SAR) in the eye/eye tissues
  • Induced temperature rise

Limitations

  • Numerical/simulation study using reconstructed and deformed eye models rather than direct measurements in humans
  • Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency range, source characteristics, field levels) are not specified in the abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Human eye models (generic model and models reconstructed from MR scans)",
  "sample_size": 64,
  "outcomes": [
    "Specific absorption rate (SAR) in the eye/eye tissues",
    "Induced temperature rise"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Using FDTD simulations on a generic eye model deformed to create 64 eyes with varying ocular axial length (OAL), the study found that changing OAL did not increase EMF absorption (SAR) in the eyes or eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was produced by changes in OAL, and non-pathological OAL increases during childhood did not increase SAR.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Numerical/simulation study using reconstructed and deformed eye models rather than direct measurements in humans",
    "Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency range, source characteristics, field levels) are not specified in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "dosimetry",
    "eye",
    "ocular axial length",
    "OAL",
    "SAR",
    "radiofrequency",
    "RF",
    "EMF",
    "finite-difference time-domain",
    "FDTD",
    "free-form deformation",
    "FFD",
    "magnetic resonance",
    "MR",
    "temperature rise"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21835
PubMed: 24619721

Read the original paper →

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