Electromagnetic fields mediate efficient cell reprogramming into a pluripotent state.

ACS nano · 2014 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 4661

The study reports that EMF exposure induces epigenetic changes that promote efficient somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency, associated with EMF-induced activation of the histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2. An EMF-free system eliminating Earth's natur…

Study snapshot

PublicationACS nano · 2014

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Life on Earth is constantly exposed to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and it is generally accepted that EMFs may exert a variety of effects on biological systems. Particularly, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EL-EMFs) affect biological processes such as cell development and differentiation; however, the fundamental mechanisms by which EMFs influence these processes remain unclear. Here we show that EMF exposure induces epigenetic changes that promote efficient somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency. These epigenetic changes resulted from EMF-induced activation of the histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2. Remarkably, an EMF-free system that eliminates Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field abrogates these epigenetic changes, resulting in a failure to undergo reprogramming. Therefore, our results reveal that EMF directly regulates dynamic epigenetic changes through Mll2, providing an efficient tool for epigenetic reprogramming including the acquisition of pluripotency.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency
Epigenetic changes
Activation of histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2
Effect of eliminating Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field on reprogramming

Limitations

Specific EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) are not provided in the abstract.
Sample size and experimental design details are not provided in the abstract.
Findings are described for somatic cell reprogramming in a laboratory setting; generalizability beyond the described system is not addressed in the abstract.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "other",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency",
    "Epigenetic changes",
    "Activation of histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2",
    "Effect of eliminating Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field on reprogramming"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The study reports that EMF exposure induces epigenetic changes that promote efficient somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency, associated with EMF-induced activation of the histone lysine methyltransferase Mll2. An EMF-free system eliminating Earth's naturally occurring magnetic field abrogated these epigenetic changes and resulted in failure to undergo reprogramming.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "Specific EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) are not provided in the abstract.",
    "Sample size and experimental design details are not provided in the abstract.",
    "Findings are described for somatic cell reprogramming in a laboratory setting; generalizability beyond the described system is not addressed in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields",
    "EL-EMFs",
    "epigenetics",
    "cell reprogramming",
    "pluripotency",
    "Mll2",
    "histone lysine methyltransferase",
    "Earth's magnetic field"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1021/nn502923s
PubMed: 25248035

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