RF Safe

Experimental study of relationship between biological hazards of low-dose radiofrequency exposure and energy flow density in Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria exposed at a mobile connection frequency (1 GHz).

Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2011 · Harm · Low evidence

← Research stream
HarmLow evidencePaper 3210

Exposure at 1 GHz with energy flow densities of 5 μW/cm² and 50 μW/cm² reduced motor activity in Spirostomum ambiguum. The effect appeared in a jump-wise manner after a certain exposure duration and did not increase with longer exposure. The reported 'safe' e…

Study snapshot

PublicationBulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2011
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Radiofrequency exposure at the mobile connection frequency (1 GHz) at different energy flow densities, 5 μW/cm(2)(2-fold below the maximum permissible level) and 50 μW/cm(2)(5-fold surpassing this level), caused a reduction of motor activity in unicellular hydrobionts Spirostomum ambiguum Ehrbg infusoria. In all cases, the effect was similar by the intensity and developed in a jump-wise manner after exposure of a certain duration, after which did not increase with prolongation of the exposure. The duration of radiofrequency exposure safe for the object varied significantly: 8-9 h and 10 min at 5 and 50 μW, respectively. These innovation data on harmful biological effects of very low radiofrequency exposure (5 μW/cm(2)), the threshold form of biological reaction, presence of "safe" periods of exposure, and the data demonstrating a clear-cut relationship between these periods and energy flow density are interesting from theoretical viewpoint and in connection with the problem of evaluating permissible levels of radiofrequency exposure of biological objects.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
PopulationSpirostomum ambiguum (unicellular hydrobiont infusoria)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 1000 MHz · Varied; 'safe' duration reported as 8–9 h at 5 μW/cm² and 10 min at 50 μW/cm²
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Exposure at 1 GHz with energy flow densities of 5 μW/cm² and 50 μW/cm² reduced motor activity in Spirostomum ambiguum. The effect appeared in a jump-wise manner after a certain exposure duration and did not increase with longer exposure. The reported 'safe' exposure duration differed by energy flow density (8–9 h at 5 μW/cm²; 10 min at 50 μW/cm²).

Outcomes measured

  • Motor activity reduction
  • Duration threshold ('safe' period) before effect onset
  • Relationship between energy flow density and 'safe' exposure duration

Limitations

  • Sample size not reported in abstract
  • No SAR or dosimetry beyond energy flow density reported in abstract
  • Outcome limited to motor activity in a unicellular organism; generalizability to other organisms not addressed in abstract
  • Details of experimental design, controls, and statistical analysis not provided in abstract
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile connection",
    "frequency_mhz": 1000,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Varied; 'safe' duration reported as 8–9 h at 5 μW/cm² and 10 min at 50 μW/cm²"
  },
  "population": "Spirostomum ambiguum (unicellular hydrobiont infusoria)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Motor activity reduction",
    "Duration threshold ('safe' period) before effect onset",
    "Relationship between energy flow density and 'safe' exposure duration"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Exposure at 1 GHz with energy flow densities of 5 μW/cm² and 50 μW/cm² reduced motor activity in Spirostomum ambiguum. The effect appeared in a jump-wise manner after a certain exposure duration and did not increase with longer exposure. The reported 'safe' exposure duration differed by energy flow density (8–9 h at 5 μW/cm²; 10 min at 50 μW/cm²).",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "No SAR or dosimetry beyond energy flow density reported in abstract",
    "Outcome limited to motor activity in a unicellular organism; generalizability to other organisms not addressed in abstract",
    "Details of experimental design, controls, and statistical analysis not provided in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "1 GHz",
    "mobile connection frequency",
    "energy flow density",
    "μW/cm²",
    "low-dose exposure",
    "Spirostomum ambiguum",
    "infusoria",
    "motor activity",
    "threshold effect",
    "safe period"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "mobile-phones",
      "weight": 0.6,
      "reason": "Exposure described as 'mobile connection frequency (1 GHz)'."
    }
  ]
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1361-5
PubMed: 22448371

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library