The Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version Test of Mobile Phone Dependency (TMD).
← Research streamIn 350 university students, factor analysis identified three factors ("salient", "preoccupation", and "Spend a lot of time and money") for both males and females. Internal consistency for the TMD was Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 (factor alphas 0.88, 0.82, 0.84), t…
Study snapshot
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Despite the fact that the mobile phone has become a pervasive technology of our time, little research has been done on mobile dependency. A valid and reliable assessment instrument corresponding to the Persian culture is essential. This study aimed to describe the construction and validation of the Persian version of TMD (Test of Mobile phone Dependency) to assess the addictive use of mobile phone. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, for which data were collected from 350 students who were studying at Tehran universities. Sampling method was quota sampling. The participants anonymously completed the demographic questionnaire, and CPDQ as a valid questionnaire and gold standard. Finally, clinical interview [based on DSM-IV-TR] was performed. To analyze the data, concurrent validity, factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbachα), split half; test-retest and ROC Curve by SPSS18 Software were used. RESULTS: As a result of the reliability analysis and factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation, three factors ("salient", "preoccupation" and "Spend a lot of time and money") for both male and female participants were extracted. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the TMD was .92 (Cronbach alpha of the factors is .88, .82, and .84, respectively). The test-retest correlation of the TMD was .56.The best cut off point for this questionnaire (TMD) is 38. CONCLUSION: The TMD proved to have an acceptable internal consistency with adequate factor models to assess the extent of problems caused by the "misuse" of the mobile phone in the Iranian society. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the test was reliable and valid; however, further analysis is needed..
AI evidence extraction
Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.
Main findings
In 350 university students, factor analysis identified three factors ("salient", "preoccupation", and "Spend a lot of time and money") for both males and females. Internal consistency for the TMD was Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 (factor alphas 0.88, 0.82, 0.84), test-retest correlation was 0.56, and the best cut-off point was 38. The authors conclude the Persian TMD is reliable and valid, while noting further analysis is needed.
Outcomes measured
- Psychometric validity (concurrent validity, factor structure) of the Persian Test of Mobile Phone Dependency (TMD)
- Reliability (internal consistency/Cronbach's alpha, split-half, test-retest)
- ROC curve and cut-off point for TMD
Limitations
- Cross-sectional design
- Quota sampling
- Test-retest correlation reported as 0.56 (moderate)
- Further analysis needed (as stated by authors)
View raw extracted JSON
{
"study_type": "cross_sectional",
"exposure": {
"band": null,
"source": "mobile phone",
"frequency_mhz": null,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": null
},
"population": "University students in Tehran (Iran)",
"sample_size": 350,
"outcomes": [
"Psychometric validity (concurrent validity, factor structure) of the Persian Test of Mobile Phone Dependency (TMD)",
"Reliability (internal consistency/Cronbach's alpha, split-half, test-retest)",
"ROC curve and cut-off point for TMD"
],
"main_findings": "In 350 university students, factor analysis identified three factors (\"salient\", \"preoccupation\", and \"Spend a lot of time and money\") for both males and females. Internal consistency for the TMD was Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 (factor alphas 0.88, 0.82, 0.84), test-retest correlation was 0.56, and the best cut-off point was 38. The authors conclude the Persian TMD is reliable and valid, while noting further analysis is needed.",
"effect_direction": "unclear",
"limitations": [
"Cross-sectional design",
"Quota sampling",
"Test-retest correlation reported as 0.56 (moderate)",
"Further analysis needed (as stated by authors)"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.78,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"keywords": [
"mobile phone dependency",
"addictive use",
"questionnaire validation",
"Persian version",
"psychometrics",
"factor analysis",
"Cronbach's alpha",
"ROC curve",
"DSM-IV-TR",
"university students"
],
"suggested_hubs": []
}AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.
Identifiers and source
DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: 27006671