High Radiofrequency Radiation in the Surroundings of 10 Schools in Örebro, Sweden

Fortune Journal of Health Sciences · 2025 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 2670

Study snapshot

PublicationFortune Journal of Health Sciences · 2025

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Category: Environmental Health, Electromagnetic Field Safety Tags: 5G, radiofrequency radiation, schools, children, EMF exposure, Sweden, base stations URL: cdn.fortunejournals.com Overview In Sweden and many other countries, the rollout of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication networks since 2019/2020 has resulted in increased environmental exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to the effects of RF radiation. Sources of Exposure - RF exposure in schools comes from Wi-Fi routers, mobile phones, and computers. - External sources, such as nearby mobile phone base stations, also contribute significantly. Study Methods This study measured outdoor RF radiation from 4G and 5G base stations near 10 schools in Örebro, Sweden in October 2024. Findings - Maximum RF radiation levels ranged from 10,716 to 68,452 μW/m², vastly exceeding the EUROPAEM EMF guidelines (10–1,000 μW/m² for daytime, 1–100 μW/m² for nighttime, and 0.1–10 μW/m² for sensitive individuals). - The Narda broadband field meter NBM-550 (with EF-1891 probe, frequency range 3 MHz–18 GHz) was used, capable of measuring 0.6 V/m (955 μW/m²) to 65 V/m (11,206,897 μW/m²). - At two sampling locations, the Safe and Sound meter showed maximum peaks of 749,000 μW/m² and 504,000 μW/m², while the Narda RMS maximums were 137,889 μW/m² and 88,616 μW/m², respectively. Conclusion The environmental RF radiation levels found in the vicinity of these Swedish schools are far above the recommended EMF safety guidelines and highlight a significant EMF health risk, particularly to children and sensitive groups. It is important to recognize that such exposures have documented connections to negative health outcomes, and steps should be taken to reduce EMF exposure in these environments.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample size10

ExposureRF · October 2024 (measurements)

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

Outdoor RF radiation from 4G and 5G base stations was measured near 10 schools in Örebro, Sweden (October 2024). Reported maximum RF radiation levels ranged from 10,716 to 68,452 μW/m², stated as exceeding EUROPAEM EMF guideline ranges; additional peak measurements at two locations were reported using a Safe and Sound meter (749,000 and 504,000 μW/m²) alongside Narda RMS maximums (137,889 and 88,616 μW/m²).

Outcomes measured

Outdoor RF radiation levels (μW/m²) near schools
Comparison to EUROPAEM EMF guideline levels

Limitations

No health outcomes were measured; conclusions about health risk are not supported by outcome data in the abstract.
Frequency-specific exposure metrics for 4G vs 5G are not reported (only broadband measurement range is provided).
Sampling strategy details (number of measurements per school, distances to base stations, timing/day-night conditions) are not described in the abstract.
Units/metrics differ across instruments (peaks vs RMS), limiting direct comparability without further methodological detail.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "base stations",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "October 2024 (measurements)"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": 10,
  "outcomes": [
    "Outdoor RF radiation levels (μW/m²) near schools",
    "Comparison to EUROPAEM EMF guideline levels"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Outdoor RF radiation from 4G and 5G base stations was measured near 10 schools in Örebro, Sweden (October 2024). Reported maximum RF radiation levels ranged from 10,716 to 68,452 μW/m², stated as exceeding EUROPAEM EMF guideline ranges; additional peak measurements at two locations were reported using a Safe and Sound meter (749,000 and 504,000 μW/m²) alongside Narda RMS maximums (137,889 and 88,616 μW/m²).",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No health outcomes were measured; conclusions about health risk are not supported by outcome data in the abstract.",
    "Frequency-specific exposure metrics for 4G vs 5G are not reported (only broadband measurement range is provided).",
    "Sampling strategy details (number of measurements per school, distances to base stations, timing/day-night conditions) are not described in the abstract.",
    "Units/metrics differ across instruments (peaks vs RMS), limiting direct comparability without further methodological detail."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "5G",
    "4G",
    "radiofrequency radiation",
    "RF exposure",
    "schools",
    "children",
    "Sweden",
    "Örebro",
    "base stations",
    "EUROPAEM",
    "Narda NBM-550",
    "Safe and Sound meter"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.62,
      "reason": "Study context is RF exposure in/around schools and mentions school-related RF sources."
    },
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.58,
      "reason": "Measures environmental RF exposure attributed to 4G/5G base stations near schools and discusses 5G rollout."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

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DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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