Effects of non-ionizing radiation on the thyroid gland in rats

BMC Research Notes · 2025 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 2647

Male rats exposed to mobile jammer radiation had significantly altered T4 levels versus controls (p=0.037). In offspring, only males showed significantly different T3 levels with jammer exposure (p<0.001). Histopathology showed significant morphological diffe…

Study snapshot

PublicationBMC Research Notes · 2025

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Category: Endocrinology, Toxicology Tags: Electromagnetic fields, Wi-Fi, mobile jammer, thyroid gland, rats, endocrine disruption, histopathology DOI: 10.1186/s13104-025-07297-x URL: bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com Overview This study evaluated the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on rat thyroid function and histopathology. Forty female and thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g, 2 months old) were exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi, mobile jammer radiation, or a sham condition. - Male rats (Group A) were exposed to Wi-Fi or mobile jammers for 2 hours daily over two weeks, with devices located within one meter of the cage (on or off). - The Sham group underwent the same setup but with devices off. - Group B included non-pregnant females, pregnant rats, and their offspring; all subgroups were either exposed or served as controls. - Researchers measured thyroid hormone levels in serum and performed microscopic histological analysis of thyroid follicle colloid and epithelium. Findings - T4 hormone levels were significantly altered in male rats exposed to mobile jammer radiation compared to controls (p = 0.037). - Among group B offspring, only male rats displayed significantly different T3 levels when exposed to jammer radiation (average = 109.00 in the experiment vs. 65.50 in controls, p < 0.001). - Histopathological analysis also revealed significant morphological differences and disruption in thyroid follicular structure in exposed rats. Conclusion These results highlight a strong potential link between exposure to electromagnetic radiation and changes in thyroid endocrine and histological parameters. - The findings suggest that persistent evaluation of safety guidelines for non-ionizing radiation exposure is warranted, especially regarding thyroid hormone balance and tissue structure. - There is clear evidence of electromagnetic fields contributing to altered thyroid function and cellular structure in exposed rats.

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationSprague-Dawley rats (male and female; includes pregnant females and offspring)

Sample size70

ExposureRF · 2450 MHz · 2 hours daily for two weeks

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Serum thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4)
Thyroid histopathology (follicle colloid and epithelium; follicular structure)

Limitations

SAR/dosimetry not reported in abstract
Exposure characterization for 'mobile jammer' (e.g., frequency/power) not specified in abstract
Details of randomization/blinding not described in abstract
Statistical details for Wi-Fi exposure effects not fully reported in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "Wi-Fi and mobile jammer",
    "frequency_mhz": 2450,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 hours daily for two weeks"
  },
  "population": "Sprague-Dawley rats (male and female; includes pregnant females and offspring)",
  "sample_size": 70,
  "outcomes": [
    "Serum thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4)",
    "Thyroid histopathology (follicle colloid and epithelium; follicular structure)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Male rats exposed to mobile jammer radiation had significantly altered T4 levels versus controls (p=0.037). In offspring, only males showed significantly different T3 levels with jammer exposure (p<0.001). Histopathology showed significant morphological differences and disruption of thyroid follicular structure in exposed rats.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "SAR/dosimetry not reported in abstract",
    "Exposure characterization for 'mobile jammer' (e.g., frequency/power) not specified in abstract",
    "Details of randomization/blinding not described in abstract",
    "Statistical details for Wi-Fi exposure effects not fully reported in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "non-ionizing radiation",
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "RF",
    "2.45 GHz",
    "Wi-Fi",
    "mobile jammer",
    "thyroid gland",
    "thyroid hormones",
    "T3",
    "T4",
    "histopathology",
    "Sprague-Dawley rats",
    "pregnancy",
    "offspring"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.55,
      "reason": "Includes 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi exposure (animal study)."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-025-07297-x
PubMed: Not supplied

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