Monte Carlo simulations of skin exposure to electromagnetic field from 10 GHz to 1 THz

2017 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 2377

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2017

Study typeengineering

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Monte Carlo simulations of skin exposure to electromagnetic field from 10 GHz to 1 THz Sasaki K, Mizuno M, Wake K, Watanabe S. Monte Carlo simulations of skin exposure to electromagnetic field from 10 GHz to 1 THz. Phys Med Biol. 2017 Jul 25. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa81fc. Abstract In this study, we present an assessment of human-body exposure to an electromagnetic eld at frequencies ranging from 10 GHz to 1 THz. The energy absorption and temperature elevation were assessed by solving boundary value problems of the one-dimensional Maxwell equations and a bioheat equation for a multilayer plane model. Dielectric properties were measured in vitro at frequencies of up to 1 THz at body temperature. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess variations of the transmittance into a skin surface and temperature elevation inside a body by considering the variation of the tissue thickness due to individual differences among human bodies. Furthermore, the impact of the dielectric properties of adipose tissue on temperature elevation, for which large discrepancies between our present measurement results and those in past works were observed, was also examined. We found that the dielectric properties of adipose tissue do not impact on temperature elevation at frequencies over 30 GHz. The potential risk of skin burn was discussed on the basis of the temperature elevation in millimeter-wave and terahertz-wave exposure. Furthermore, the consistency of the basic restrictions in the international guidelines set by ICNIRP was discussed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposuremmWave

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Using a multilayer plane model with one-dimensional Maxwell equations and a bioheat equation plus Monte Carlo simulations of tissue-thickness variability, the authors assessed energy absorption and temperature elevation for 10 GHz to 1 THz exposure. They report that adipose-tissue dielectric properties did not impact temperature elevation at frequencies over 30 GHz, and they discuss potential skin-burn risk based on modeled temperature elevation and the consistency of ICNIRP basic restrictions.

Outcomes measured

energy absorption
temperature elevation
transmittance into skin surface
potential risk of skin burn
consistency with ICNIRP basic restrictions

Limitations

Model-based assessment using a one-dimensional multilayer plane model (not an in vivo human study)
Dielectric properties were measured in vitro (up to 1 THz)
No explicit exposure levels (e.g., incident power density or SAR) reported in the abstract
No quantitative results for temperature elevation or burn thresholds provided in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "mmWave",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "energy absorption",
    "temperature elevation",
    "transmittance into skin surface",
    "potential risk of skin burn",
    "consistency with ICNIRP basic restrictions"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Using a multilayer plane model with one-dimensional Maxwell equations and a bioheat equation plus Monte Carlo simulations of tissue-thickness variability, the authors assessed energy absorption and temperature elevation for 10 GHz to 1 THz exposure. They report that adipose-tissue dielectric properties did not impact temperature elevation at frequencies over 30 GHz, and they discuss potential skin-burn risk based on modeled temperature elevation and the consistency of ICNIRP basic restrictions.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Model-based assessment using a one-dimensional multilayer plane model (not an in vivo human study)",
    "Dielectric properties were measured in vitro (up to 1 THz)",
    "No explicit exposure levels (e.g., incident power density or SAR) reported in the abstract",
    "No quantitative results for temperature elevation or burn thresholds provided in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "Monte Carlo simulation",
    "skin exposure",
    "millimeter wave",
    "terahertz",
    "10 GHz",
    "1 THz",
    "bioheat equation",
    "Maxwell equations",
    "dielectric properties",
    "adipose tissue",
    "temperature elevation",
    "ICNIRP guidelines"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Abstract explicitly discusses consistency of basic restrictions in international guidelines set by ICNIRP."
    },
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.55,
      "reason": "Assesses mmWave exposure (10 GHz to 1 THz) and discusses skin heating/burn risk relevant to higher-frequency wireless policy discussions."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa81fc
PubMed: Not supplied

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