Comparative analysis of downlink signal levels emitted by GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, and LTE base stations

2017 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 2359

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2017

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Comparative analysis of downlink signal levels emitted by GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, and LTE base stations Ibrani M, Hamiti E, Ahma L, Halili R, Dragusha B. Comparative analysis of downlink signal levels emitted by GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, and LTE base stations. Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net), 2017 16th Annual Mediterranean.28-30 June 2017. Abstract Determination of exposure levels is considered as one of the parameters of planning and optimization of green cellular networks. While moving towards 5G technology and standardization, the results of comparative exposure levels induced by 2G, 3G and 4G networks are of interest. We present the results of in-situ determination of downlink signal levels [jn Kosovo] emitted by GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, and LTE networks in urban areas. The measurements are conducted with calibrated spectrum analyzer NARDA SRM 3006 at outdoor and indoor spots, including LOS and NLOS positions. The highest measured value is 2.82 V/m registered in outdoor LOS position for GSM 900. The results of comparative research highlight GSM 900 as the biggest contributor to the overall cellular systems downlink signal level, followed with UMTS, GSM 1800 and LTE. Obtained results are compared with the ICNIRP reference levels as well as with downlink signal levels emitted by cellular systems in other countries. ieeexplore.ieee.org

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

In-situ measurements in urban areas (Kosovo) using a calibrated NARDA SRM 3006 found the highest measured downlink field strength was 2.82 V/m outdoors in a line-of-sight position for GSM 900. GSM 900 was reported as the largest contributor to overall downlink signal level, followed by UMTS, GSM 1800, and LTE; results were compared with ICNIRP reference levels and with measurements from other countries.

Outcomes measured

Downlink electric field strength (V/m) from GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, LTE base stations
Comparison to ICNIRP reference levels

Limitations

No sample size, number of sites, or measurement protocol details reported in the abstract
No specific frequencies, averaging times, or statistical summaries provided
Health outcomes not assessed; exposure levels only

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "base station",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Downlink electric field strength (V/m) from GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, LTE base stations",
    "Comparison to ICNIRP reference levels"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In-situ measurements in urban areas (Kosovo) using a calibrated NARDA SRM 3006 found the highest measured downlink field strength was 2.82 V/m outdoors in a line-of-sight position for GSM 900. GSM 900 was reported as the largest contributor to overall downlink signal level, followed by UMTS, GSM 1800, and LTE; results were compared with ICNIRP reference levels and with measurements from other countries.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No sample size, number of sites, or measurement protocol details reported in the abstract",
    "No specific frequencies, averaging times, or statistical summaries provided",
    "Health outcomes not assessed; exposure levels only"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "GSM 900",
    "GSM 1800",
    "UMTS",
    "LTE",
    "base stations",
    "downlink",
    "in-situ measurements",
    "spectrum analyzer",
    "NARDA SRM 3006",
    "urban",
    "indoor",
    "outdoor",
    "LOS",
    "NLOS",
    "ICNIRP",
    "Kosovo"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.6,
      "reason": "Abstract explicitly compares measured levels with ICNIRP reference levels."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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