Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and cytochrome-c release in microwave-exposed MCF-7 cells

2016 · Harm · Low evidence

← Research stream

HarmLow evidencePaper 2298

MCF-7 cells exposed to 2.1 GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave radiation at SAR 0.528 W/kg for 4 or 24 h showed significantly decreased viability versus unexposed cells, with a larger decrease after 24 h. Exposed cells had significantly higher apoptosis, cytochrome…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2016

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and cytochrome-c release in microwave-exposed MCF-7 cells Esmekaya MA, Canseven AG, Kayhan H, Tuysuz MZ, Sirav B, Seyhan N. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and cytochrome-c release in microwave-exposed MCF-7 cells. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2016 Sep 12. Abstract This study examines the effects of a 2.1-GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave (MW) radiation on apoptotic activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in MCF-7 cells. The cells were exposed to the MW at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.528 W/kg for 4 or 24 h. The antiproliferative effect of MW exposure was determined by the MTT test. Cytochrome-c and p53 levels were determined by an ELISA method. The relative ΔΨm was analysed by JC-1 staining using flow cytometer. Apoptotic rate of the cells was measured by Annexin- V-FITC staining. All assays were performed after certain time of incubations (15 min-4 h) following MW exposure. MW-exposed cells showed a significant decrease in viability when compared to unexposed cells. A significantly larger decrease was observed after longer exposure. The percentage of apoptotic cells, amount of cytochrome-c, and relative ΔΨm were significantly higher in MW-exposed cells. The percent of apoptotic cells and relative ΔΨm in 24 h MW-exposed group was significantly higher than those in 4 h MW-exposed group. However, no significant change was observed in p53 levels. These results demonstrated that exposure to 2.1- GHz WCDMA-modulated MW radiation caused hyperpolarization of mitochondria that in turn induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionharm

PopulationMCF-7 cells

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 2100 MHz · 0.528 W/kg · 4 or 24 h

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

cell viability (MTT)
cytochrome-c levels (ELISA)
p53 levels (ELISA)
mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm (JC-1 flow cytometry)
apoptotic rate (Annexin V-FITC)

Limitations

In vitro cell study; findings may not generalize to humans or in vivo conditions
Sample size not reported in abstract
Only one cell line (MCF-7) described
Limited exposure conditions reported (single frequency/modulation and SAR; 4 vs 24 h)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 2100,
    "sar_wkg": 0.528,
    "duration": "4 or 24 h"
  },
  "population": "MCF-7 cells",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "cell viability (MTT)",
    "cytochrome-c levels (ELISA)",
    "p53 levels (ELISA)",
    "mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm (JC-1 flow cytometry)",
    "apoptotic rate (Annexin V-FITC)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "MCF-7 cells exposed to 2.1 GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave radiation at SAR 0.528 W/kg for 4 or 24 h showed significantly decreased viability versus unexposed cells, with a larger decrease after 24 h. Exposed cells had significantly higher apoptosis, cytochrome-c, and relative mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), while p53 levels did not change significantly.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "In vitro cell study; findings may not generalize to humans or in vivo conditions",
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Only one cell line (MCF-7) described",
    "Limited exposure conditions reported (single frequency/modulation and SAR; 4 vs 24 h)"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "2.1 GHz",
    "WCDMA",
    "microwave radiation",
    "RF exposure",
    "SAR 0.528 W/kg",
    "MCF-7",
    "apoptosis",
    "mitochondrial membrane potential",
    "ΔΨm",
    "cytochrome-c",
    "p53"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library