Radiofrequency exposure levels in Amsterdam schools

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "school environment (GSM base stations, DECT cordless phones, GSM mobile devices, WiFi)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Primary schools in Amsterdam (Netherlands)",
  "sample_size": 102,
  "outcomes": [
    "RF power density (total average)",
    "Source contributions to total average RF power density (GSM base stations 900/1800 MHz downlink, DECT, GSM mobile devices, WiFi)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "In measurements from 102 Amsterdam primary schools, GSM base stations (900 and 1800 MHz downlink) contributed the largest share of total average RF power density (38.0%), followed by DECT cordless phones (27.3%) and GSM mobile devices (11.1%). WiFi contributed 4.5% of the total average power density; measurements were conducted after school, when wireless laptops/tablets were unlikely to be in use.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Reported as a letter to the editor with no abstract available",
    "Assessments were conducted after school, so WiFi use during school hours may not be represented"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "radiofrequency",
    "exposure assessment",
    "schools",
    "Amsterdam",
    "power density",
    "GSM",
    "base stations",
    "DECT",
    "WiFi"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "school-wi-fi",
      "weight": 0.86,
      "reason": "RF exposure assessment conducted in primary schools; WiFi contribution discussed."
    }
  ]
}