RF Safe

Electromagnetic field Measurement for Public Safety Exposure Level

2018 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 1830

Radiofrequency E-field levels measured near GSM and LTE base station antennas were reported to be below the ICNIRP maximum level for the general public. LTE 2.6 GHz had the highest maximum E-field value compared to the other measured frequencies.

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2018
Study typeexposure_assessment
Reported directionNo effect
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Electromagnetic field Measurement for Public Safety Exposure Level Khan ZI, Razak AZA, Zakaria NA, Rashid NEA, Othman, KA. Electromagnetic field (EMF) Measurement for Public Safety Exposure Level. 2018 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET). 1-2 Nov. 2018. Serpong, Indonesia. Added to IEEE Xplore: 09 April 2019. pp. 66-69. Abstract This paper presents the level of Radio Frequency electromagnetic fields from Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) base station antennas. The exposure of Electromagnetic field towards public is being discuss widely due to the fact that it effects the human lives that is surrounded by these communication developments. Certain area was investigated earlier in order to obtain the strongest point of exposure. The location chosen in this paper was based on the red zone detected in the earlier drive test measurement. The measurement was conducted during morning, afternoon and night for 3 days. Data was collected using isotropic antenna and spectrum analyzer. The E-field exposure levels were found to be lower than the maximum level set by international commission on Non-Ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) for the general public. Conclusion Overall LTE 2.6 GHz has a highest maximum E-field value compare to the other frequency. The high value of Efield could be related to the mobile traffic and also the higher power need for transmitting higher frequency. Lower frequency like GSM900 can travel further even though it requires less power because the properties of the wave itself. Higher frequencies require more power to travel longer distances. Based on all the data and analyzation done, all of the value gain are below the limit set by ICNIRP. ieeexplore.ieee.org Note: Industry representatives typically argue that exposures from 4G (LTE) are less than from 2G (GSM) cell towers. This study found the opposite.

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment
Effect directionno_effect
PopulationGeneral public (public exposure near GSM and LTE base station antennas)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · Measurements during morning, afternoon, and night for 3 days
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

Radiofrequency E-field levels measured near GSM and LTE base station antennas were reported to be below the ICNIRP maximum level for the general public. LTE 2.6 GHz had the highest maximum E-field value compared to the other measured frequencies.

Outcomes measured

  • E-field exposure level
  • Comparison to ICNIRP general public limit
  • Relative E-field levels across LTE 2.6 GHz vs other frequencies (e.g., GSM900)

Limitations

  • Specific numeric exposure values are not provided in the abstract.
  • Study location selection was based on a previously identified 'red zone' from earlier drive testing, which may limit generalizability.
  • Sample size/number of measurement points and distance from antennas are not described in the abstract.
  • Only short-term measurements over 3 days are described; longer-term variability is not addressed in the abstract.
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "base station",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Measurements during morning, afternoon, and night for 3 days"
  },
  "population": "General public (public exposure near GSM and LTE base station antennas)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "E-field exposure level",
    "Comparison to ICNIRP general public limit",
    "Relative E-field levels across LTE 2.6 GHz vs other frequencies (e.g., GSM900)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Radiofrequency E-field levels measured near GSM and LTE base station antennas were reported to be below the ICNIRP maximum level for the general public. LTE 2.6 GHz had the highest maximum E-field value compared to the other measured frequencies.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Specific numeric exposure values are not provided in the abstract.",
    "Study location selection was based on a previously identified 'red zone' from earlier drive testing, which may limit generalizability.",
    "Sample size/number of measurement points and distance from antennas are not described in the abstract.",
    "Only short-term measurements over 3 days are described; longer-term variability is not addressed in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "RF-EMF",
    "GSM",
    "LTE",
    "base station",
    "E-field",
    "spectrum analyzer",
    "isotropic antenna",
    "ICNIRP",
    "public exposure",
    "2.6 GHz",
    "GSM900"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Exposure levels are explicitly compared to ICNIRP limits for the general public."
    }
  ]
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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