An Extremely Safe Low-SAR Antenna with Study of Its Electromagnetic Biological Effects on Human Head

2019 · No effect · Insufficient evidence

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No effectInsufficient evidencePaper 1781

A low-SAR antenna design operating at 0.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz is reported to produce SAR values of 0.52 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg on the human head, respectively. Metallic earrings (different sizes) and antenna position/orientation/rotation significantly affected SAR di…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2019

Study typeengineering

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

An Extremely Safe Low-SAR Antenna with Study of Its Electromagnetic Biological Effects on Human Head Nazeri A, Abdolali A, Mehdi M. An extremely safe low-SAR antenna with study of its electromagnetic biological effects on human head. Wireless Personal Communications. 1-14. Published online May 17, 2019. doi.org Abstract In this paper, a new low-Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) antenna is proposed for the sake of safe communication in all situations. The proposed antenna involves a Microstrip patch antenna and a metallic casing loop which leads to SAR reduction. The structure operates at 0.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz which produces 0.52 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg SAR value on the human head, respectively. Then, in order to guarantee the antenna safety feature, the experiments are carried out when the human wear an earring. The impact of metallic earrings in different sizes on SAR distribution is investigated. Also, the antenna orientation and rotation effect is considered in detail. It is concluded that the change of Antenna position or use of metallic earrings makes an extremely significant impact on SAR value. But, the results of the presented antenna demonstrate that the produced SAR value in all positions, do not exceed the safe rate. It makes the antenna a suitable candidate for employing in most telecommunication applications. Conclusions In this paper, a novel low-SAR Microstrip Antenna for using in a safe communication is designed. The proposed antenna produces 0.52 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg SAR value on the head at 0.9 and 2.4 GHz. The antenna is created of a microstrip patch and a metallic loop. An extensive study is accomplished on the destructive effects of EM- waves on the human body. Also, the effect of the human head on the antenna performance is investigated. In addition, earrings with several different sizes are employed to consider the cases which make the worst destructive effect on the human head. The effect of antenna rotation and changes in its orientation is studied as well. It is concluded that antenna rotation causes a significant impact on SAR value when earrings are used. At last, this study guarantees that the presented antenna make a safe SAR for most of the situations. link.springer.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionno_effect

Populationhuman head (not further specified)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 66% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on human head
SAR distribution changes with metallic earrings
Effect of antenna orientation/rotation on SAR
Antenna performance impact due to human head (mentioned)

Limitations

No sample size or participant details provided
Methods described as experiments but specific protocol, measurement/simulation details, and exposure duration are not provided in the abstract
Safety benchmark/"safe rate" is not specified in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "antenna (microstrip patch with metallic casing loop) near human head; earring scenario",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "human head (not further specified)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on human head",
    "SAR distribution changes with metallic earrings",
    "Effect of antenna orientation/rotation on SAR",
    "Antenna performance impact due to human head (mentioned)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "A low-SAR antenna design operating at 0.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz is reported to produce SAR values of 0.52 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg on the human head, respectively. Metallic earrings (different sizes) and antenna position/orientation/rotation significantly affected SAR distribution and values, but the reported SAR values in all tested positions did not exceed the stated safe rate.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "No sample size or participant details provided",
    "Methods described as experiments but specific protocol, measurement/simulation details, and exposure duration are not provided in the abstract",
    "Safety benchmark/\"safe rate\" is not specified in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.66,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "low-SAR antenna",
    "specific absorption rate",
    "microstrip patch antenna",
    "metallic loop",
    "human head",
    "0.9 GHz",
    "2.4 GHz",
    "earrings",
    "orientation",
    "rotation"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "exposure-assessment",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Focuses on SAR values/distribution on the human head under different conditions (earrings, orientation/rotation)."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1007/s11277-019-06621-6
PubMed: Not supplied

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