Characterization of levels of extremely low frequency magnetic fields emitted from portable hand-held fans

2019 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 1733

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2019

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Characterization of levels of extremely low frequency magnetic fields emitted from portable hand-held fans Choi S, Kim S, Bae S, Kim W, Park JH, Chung E, Park J, Park DU. Characterization of Levels of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Emitted From Portable Hand-Held Fans. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019 Aug 2. doi: 10.1002/bem.22210. Abstract This study aims to assess the levels of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) emitted from portable hand-held fans (HHFs) and their principal frequency and to identify factors influencing these levels. We collected a total of eleven models of HHF and monitored the ELF-MF as a function of fan speed and distance from the fan. EMDEX II was used to monitor the ELF-MF. An SMP2 EMF-meter equipped with a P400 field probe was used to determine the levels of ELF-MF and the frequency spectrum. Ten of the fans, excluding only one bladeless-fan model, emitted a high level of ELF-MF near the source of the HHF direct-current motor. The maximum measured level of ELF-MF ranged from 14.07 to 218.7 µT. All measurements of the ELF-MF taken within 10 cm from the HHFs showed values higher than 1.0 µT. ELF-MF levels were found to decrease markedly with distance, regardless of the HHF product. The level of ELF-MF rose noticeably with increased fan speed. The speed of and distance from the HHF significantly influenced the level of ELF-MF. All principal frequencies ranged from 1 to 300 Hz, which falls in the typical range of ELF. (c) 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample size11

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Eleven portable hand-held fan models were measured; 10 (all except one bladeless model) emitted high ELF magnetic fields near the direct-current motor. Maximum measured ELF-MF ranged from 14.07 to 218.7 µT; all measurements within 10 cm exceeded 1.0 µT, with levels decreasing markedly with distance and increasing with fan speed. Principal frequencies ranged from 1 to 300 Hz.

Outcomes measured

ELF magnetic field level (µT) vs distance
ELF magnetic field level (µT) vs fan speed
Principal frequency / frequency spectrum (Hz)

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "portable hand-held fans",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": 11,
  "outcomes": [
    "ELF magnetic field level (µT) vs distance",
    "ELF magnetic field level (µT) vs fan speed",
    "Principal frequency / frequency spectrum (Hz)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Eleven portable hand-held fan models were measured; 10 (all except one bladeless model) emitted high ELF magnetic fields near the direct-current motor. Maximum measured ELF-MF ranged from 14.07 to 218.7 µT; all measurements within 10 cm exceeded 1.0 µT, with levels decreasing markedly with distance and increasing with fan speed. Principal frequencies ranged from 1 to 300 Hz.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF-MF",
    "magnetic fields",
    "portable hand-held fans",
    "exposure assessment",
    "distance",
    "fan speed",
    "frequency spectrum",
    "EMDEX II",
    "SMP2",
    "P400 probe"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22210
PubMed: Not supplied

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