CT2A Cell Viability Modulated by Electromagnetic Fields at Extremely Low Frequency under No Thermal Effects

2019 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1653

CT2A cells exposed to ELF EMFs showed frequency-dependent effects on viability after 24 h at 30 μT and after 7 days at 100 μT. A notable decrease in cell viability was reported for exposure at 30 Hz. HSP90 expression analysis did not indicate thermal damage a…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2019

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

CT2A Cell Viability Modulated by Electromagnetic Fields at Extremely Low Frequency under No Thermal Effects García-Minguillán O, Prous R, Ramirez-Castillejo MDC, Maestú C. CT2A Cell Viability Modulated by Electromagnetic Fields at Extremely Low Frequency under No Thermal Effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 24;21(1). pii: E152. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010152. Abstract The effects produced by electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human beings at extremely low frequencies (ELFs) have being investigated in the past years, across in vitro studies, using different cell lines. Nevertheless, the effects produced on cells are not clarified, and the cellular mechanisms and cell-signaling processes involved are still unknown. This situation has resulted in a division among the scientific community about the adequacy of the recommended level of exposure. In this sense, we consider that it is necessary to develop long-term exposure studies and check if the recommended levels of EMFs are under thermal effects. Hence, we exposed CT2A cells to different EMFs at different ELFs at short and long times. Our results showed frequency dependence in CT2A exposed during 24 h to a small EMF of 30 μT equal to those originated by the Earth and frequency dependence after the exposure during seven days to an EMF of 100 µT at different ELFs. Particularly, our results showed a remarkable cell viability decrease of CT2A cells exposed to EMFs of 30 Hz. Nevertheless, after analyzing the thermal effects in terms of HSP90 expression, we did not find thermal damages related to the differences in cell viability, so other crucial cellular mechanism should be involved. Open access paper: mdpi.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionharm

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF · 24 h and 7 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

cell viability
HSP90 expression (thermal effects marker)

Limitations

Mechanisms underlying the observed viability changes were not identified in the abstract.
Sample size and detailed exposure parameters beyond frequency, duration, and field strength were not provided in the abstract.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "24 h and 7 days"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "cell viability",
    "HSP90 expression (thermal effects marker)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "CT2A cells exposed to ELF EMFs showed frequency-dependent effects on viability after 24 h at 30 μT and after 7 days at 100 μT. A notable decrease in cell viability was reported for exposure at 30 Hz. HSP90 expression analysis did not indicate thermal damage associated with the viability differences.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Mechanisms underlying the observed viability changes were not identified in the abstract.",
    "Sample size and detailed exposure parameters beyond frequency, duration, and field strength were not provided in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF",
    "electromagnetic fields",
    "EMF",
    "CT2A cells",
    "cell viability",
    "frequency dependence",
    "30 μT",
    "100 μT",
    "30 Hz",
    "HSP90",
    "non-thermal effects"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010152
PubMed: Not supplied

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