Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment

2020 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 1437

The paper proposes a procedure to estimate the instant maximum power received from a 5G source using extrapolation factors accounting for TDD and sweep beam effects. Preliminary experimental investigations in a controlled environment using code-domain measure…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2020

Study typeengineering

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment Daniele Franci, Stefano Coltellacci, Enrico Grillo, Settimio Pavoncello, Tommaso Aureli, Rossana Cintoli, Marco Donald Migliore. Experimental Procedure for Fifth Generation (5G) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Measurement and Maximum Power Extrapolation for Human Exposure Assessment. Environments 2020, 7(3), 22; doi.org. Abstract The fifth generation (5G) technology has been conceived to cover multiple usage scenarios from enhanced mobile broadband to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) to massive machine type communications. However, the implementation of this new technology is causing increasing concern over the possible impact on health and safety arising from exposure to electromagnetic field radiated by 5G systems, making imperative the development of accurate electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement techniques and protocols. Measurement techniques used to assess the compliance with EMF exposure limits are object to international regulation. The basic principle of the assessment is to measure the power received from a constant radio frequency source, typically a pilot signal, and to apply a proper extrapolation factor. This kind of approach is standardized for 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies, but is still under investigation for 5G technology. Indeed, the use of flexible numerologies and advanced Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and spatial multiplexing techniques, such as beam sweeping and Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), requires the definition of new procedures and protocols for EMF measurement of 5G signals. In this paper a procedure for an accurate estimation of the instant maximum power received from a 5G source is proposed. The extrapolation technique is based on the introduction of proper factors that take into account the effect of the TDD and of the sweep beam in the measured value of the 5G signal level. Preliminary experimental investigation, based on code domain measurement of appropriate broadcast channels, and carried out in a controlled environment are reported, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Open access paper: mdpi.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

EMF measurement procedure for 5G signals
Maximum/instant maximum received power estimation
Extrapolation factors accounting for TDD and beam sweeping
Compliance/exposure assessment methodology

Limitations

Preliminary experimental investigation
Measurements carried out in a controlled environment
No specific frequencies, exposure levels, or human health outcomes reported in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "5G systems",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "EMF measurement procedure for 5G signals",
    "Maximum/instant maximum received power estimation",
    "Extrapolation factors accounting for TDD and beam sweeping",
    "Compliance/exposure assessment methodology"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper proposes a procedure to estimate the instant maximum power received from a 5G source using extrapolation factors accounting for TDD and sweep beam effects. Preliminary experimental investigations in a controlled environment using code-domain measurements of broadcast channels are reported as confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Preliminary experimental investigation",
    "Measurements carried out in a controlled environment",
    "No specific frequencies, exposure levels, or human health outcomes reported in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "5G",
    "electromagnetic field",
    "EMF measurement",
    "human exposure assessment",
    "maximum power extrapolation",
    "TDD",
    "beam sweeping",
    "Massive MIMO",
    "broadcast channels",
    "compliance assessment"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.6,
      "reason": "Focuses on 5G EMF measurement procedures relevant to exposure assessment and compliance."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/environments7030022
PubMed: Not supplied

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