Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure

2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1175

Exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg; 2 h/day for 4 days) increased intracellular ROS in HaCaT keratinocytes, increased MMP1/3/7 levels and increased gelatinolytic activity of secreted MMP2 and MMP9, and increased phosphorylation of FoxO3a and ERK1/2. Ce…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typein_vitro

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure Ju Hwan Kim, Dong-Jun Kang, Jun-Sang Bae, Jai Hyuen Lee, Sangbong Jeon, Hyung-Do Choi, Nam Kim, Hyung- Gun Kim, Hak Rim Kim. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 7;11(1):7680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021- 87263-2. Abstract As the skin is the largest body organ and critically serves as a barrier, it is frequently exposed and could be physiologically affected by radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. In this study, we found that 1760 MHz RF-EMF (4.0 W/kg specific absorption rate for 2 h/day during 4 days) exposure could induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT human keratinocytes using 2',7'- dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescent probe analysis. However, cell growth and viability were unaffected by RF-EMF exposure. Since oxidative stress in the skin greatly influences the skin-aging process, we analyzed the skin senescence-related factors activated by ROS generation. Matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 7 (MMP1, MMP3, and MMP7), the main skin wrinkle-related proteins, were significantly increased in HaCaT cells after RF- EMF exposure. Additionally, the gelatinolytic activities of secreted MMP2 and MMP9 were also increased by RF- EMF exposure. FoxO3a (Ser318/321) and ERK1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204) phosphorylation levels were significantly increased by RF-EMF exposure. However, Bcl2 and Bax expression levels were not significantly changed, indicating that the apoptotic pathway was not activated in keratinocytes following RF-EMF exposure. In summary, our findings show that exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF induces ROS generation, leading to MMP activation and FoxO3a and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data suggest that RF-EMF exposure induces cellular senescence of skin cells through ROS induction in HaCaT human keratinocytes. Conclusion In conclusion, exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg SAR induced intracellular ROS generation, which then stimulated MMPs (MMP1, 2, 3, 7, and 9) and activated the ERK1/2 (phospho-ERK1/2) and FoxO3a (phospho- FoxO3a) signaling pathways in HaCaT cells. Our results suggest that these changes induced by RF-EMF exposure would contribute to skin-aging processes. Open access paper: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typein_vitro

Effect directionharm

PopulationHaCaT human keratinocytes

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 1760 MHz · 4 W/kg · 2 h/day during 4 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
Cell growth
Cell viability
MMP1, MMP3, MMP7 levels
Gelatinolytic activity of secreted MMP2 and MMP9
FoxO3a (Ser318/321) phosphorylation
ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) phosphorylation
Bcl2 expression
Bax expression
Apoptotic pathway activation
Cellular senescence/skin-aging related factors

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "in_vitro",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 1760,
    "sar_wkg": 4,
    "duration": "2 h/day during 4 days"
  },
  "population": "HaCaT human keratinocytes",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production",
    "Cell growth",
    "Cell viability",
    "MMP1, MMP3, MMP7 levels",
    "Gelatinolytic activity of secreted MMP2 and MMP9",
    "FoxO3a (Ser318/321) phosphorylation",
    "ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) phosphorylation",
    "Bcl2 expression",
    "Bax expression",
    "Apoptotic pathway activation",
    "Cellular senescence/skin-aging related factors"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg; 2 h/day for 4 days) increased intracellular ROS in HaCaT keratinocytes, increased MMP1/3/7 levels and increased gelatinolytic activity of secreted MMP2 and MMP9, and increased phosphorylation of FoxO3a and ERK1/2. Cell growth/viability were unaffected and Bcl2/Bax expression was not significantly changed.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "RF-EMF",
    "1760 MHz",
    "specific absorption rate",
    "SAR",
    "HaCaT",
    "keratinocytes",
    "ROS",
    "oxidative stress",
    "matrix metalloproteinases",
    "MMP1",
    "MMP2",
    "MMP3",
    "MMP7",
    "MMP9",
    "FoxO3a",
    "ERK1/2",
    "skin aging",
    "cellular senescence"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021
PubMed: Not supplied

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