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One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant

Bioelectromagnetics · 2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1042

Following one-time 1837.50 MHz electromagnetic irradiation at 2.75 mW/m2 for 2 h 30 min in a reverberation chamber, significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions was reported in 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants.

Study snapshot

PublicationBioelectromagnetics · 2021
Study typeanimal
Reported directionHarm
Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant Ardhendu Kundu, Sathish Vangaru, Sucharita Bhowmick, Somnath Bhattacharyya, Amirul I Mallick, Bhaskar Gupta. One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021 Sep 24. doi: 10.1002/bem.22374. Abstract Electromagnetic energy is utilized over multiple frequency bands to provide seamless wireless communication services. Plants can well perceive electromagnetic energy present in open environment due to reasonably high permittivity and electrical conductivity of constituent tissues. Moreover, higher surface-to-volume ratio of plant structure facilitates increased interaction with the incident electromagnetic waves. To date, a few well-designed studies have been conducted inside controlled electromagnetic reverberation chambers to investigate either short duration-low amplitude or long duration-periodic electromagnetic irradiation-induced molecular responses in plants. However, as far as is known, studies investigating molecular responses particularly at the mid-vegetative stage in plants following one-time (hours-long) electromagnetic irradiation have not been reported earlier. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating molecular responses in 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants following one-time 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation of 2 h 30 min duration. Controlled electromagnetic irradiation inside a simple reverberation chamber was ensured to achieve pure electromagnetic environment at 1837.50 MHz with deterministic electromagnetic power density at selected position. Swarnaprabha rice plant was chosen for this investigation since the rice variety is widely cultivated and consumed in the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent alterations in some selected stress-sensitive gene expressions were assayed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique-significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions were noted. This investigation was purposefully focused on subsequent molecular responses immediately following electromagnetic irradiation so that the possible effects of secondary stimulations could be avoided. Observed molecular responses strongly suggested that plants perceive 1837.50 MHz, 2.75 mW/m2 electromagnetic irradiation similar to other injurious stimuli. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal
Effect directionharm
Population40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants (mid-vegetative stage)
Sample sizeNot supplied
ExposureRF · 1837.5 MHz · 2 h 30 min (one-time)
Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Following one-time 1837.50 MHz electromagnetic irradiation at 2.75 mW/m2 for 2 h 30 min in a reverberation chamber, significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions was reported in 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants.

Outcomes measured

  • Stress-sensitive gene expression (qPCR)
  • Calmodulin gene expression
  • Phytochrome B gene expression

Limitations

  • Sample size not reported in the provided abstract.
  • Only selected stress-sensitive genes were assayed; broader transcriptomic effects not described.
  • Outcomes were measured immediately following exposure; longer-term effects were not assessed.
  • Exposure metric reported as power density; SAR not reported.
View raw extracted JSON
{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 1837.5,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "2 h 30 min (one-time)"
  },
  "population": "40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants (mid-vegetative stage)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Stress-sensitive gene expression (qPCR)",
    "Calmodulin gene expression",
    "Phytochrome B gene expression"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Following one-time 1837.50 MHz electromagnetic irradiation at 2.75 mW/m2 for 2 h 30 min in a reverberation chamber, significant upregulation in calmodulin and phytochrome B gene expressions was reported in 40-day-old Swarnaprabha rice plants.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in the provided abstract.",
    "Only selected stress-sensitive genes were assayed; broader transcriptomic effects not described.",
    "Outcomes were measured immediately following exposure; longer-term effects were not assessed.",
    "Exposure metric reported as power density; SAR not reported."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "rice",
    "Swarnaprabha",
    "plants",
    "reverberation chamber",
    "RF exposure",
    "1837.50 MHz",
    "power density",
    "2.75 mW/m2",
    "gene expression",
    "qPCR",
    "calmodulin",
    "phytochrome B",
    "stress response"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": []
}
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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22374
PubMed: 34559898

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