Prenatal chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields modulated adenosine deaminase activity in serum and brain of Wistar rats’ offspring

2021 · Harm · Low evidence

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HarmLow evidencePaper 1006

Prenatal exposure to ELF EMF (50 Hz, 1.5 mT; 30 min/day) significantly increased brain ADA activity in both male and female offspring. Prenatal RF exposure (900 MHz via a cell phone) significantly increased serum ADA activity in male offspring versus control …

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Prenatal chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields modulated adenosine deaminase activity in serum and brain of Wistar rats’ offspring Behrooz Mohammadi, Mahdi Sadegh & Homa Soleimani. Prenatal chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields modulated adenosine deaminase activity in serum and brain of Wistar rats’ offspring, Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. 2021. DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993045 Abstract Considering the importance of the embryonic stage, we investigated the brain and serum ADA of offspring chronically exposed to low and high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF-LF/HF) during their embryonic period. Male and female rats were randomly selected for mating. After mating, the females were divided into four groups. The first group was exposed to extremely EMF-LF (50 Hz) through a solenoid for 30 minutes per day, the second group was constantly exposed to EMF-HF (900 MHz) via a cell phone, the third group (sham) was placed inside solenoid without any exposure, and the last group (control) was placed in their cage. The brain and serum samples of offspring (6 females and 6 males in each group) were collected four weeks after birth. ADA was measured by a specific enzymatic kit and a spectrophotometer. Exposure to EMF-LF (1.5 mT) was significantly increased the brain ADA activity in both male and female offspring. In addition, long-term HF exposure significantly enhanced serum ADA activity in males in compared with control group but, the brain ADA level was increased significantly in both genders(p < 0.01). The present study revealed alterations in the serum and brain ADA following embryonic exposure to HF and ELF. These alterations depended on gender, frequency and wave intensity. tandfonline.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationWistar rats’ offspring (prenatal exposure via pregnant females)

Sample size48

ExposureELF and RF · 900 MHz · Prenatal (embryonic period); ELF: 30 min/day; RF: constantly exposed; outcomes assessed 4 weeks after birth

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in brain
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in serum

Limitations

No SAR reported for 900 MHz exposure
Exposure characterization for the cell phone condition is limited (e.g., power/distance not stated)
Sample size per group is small (6 females and 6 males per group)
Outcomes limited to ADA activity; clinical/behavioral relevance not assessed in abstract
Timing described as embryonic/prenatal, but exact gestational exposure window not specified

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF and RF",
    "source": "solenoid (ELF) and cell phone (RF)",
    "frequency_mhz": 900,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "Prenatal (embryonic period); ELF: 30 min/day; RF: constantly exposed; outcomes assessed 4 weeks after birth"
  },
  "population": "Wistar rats’ offspring (prenatal exposure via pregnant females)",
  "sample_size": 48,
  "outcomes": [
    "Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in brain",
    "Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in serum"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Prenatal exposure to ELF EMF (50 Hz, 1.5 mT; 30 min/day) significantly increased brain ADA activity in both male and female offspring. Prenatal RF exposure (900 MHz via a cell phone) significantly increased serum ADA activity in male offspring versus control and significantly increased brain ADA activity in both genders (p < 0.01).",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "No SAR reported for 900 MHz exposure",
    "Exposure characterization for the cell phone condition is limited (e.g., power/distance not stated)",
    "Sample size per group is small (6 females and 6 males per group)",
    "Outcomes limited to ADA activity; clinical/behavioral relevance not assessed in abstract",
    "Timing described as embryonic/prenatal, but exact gestational exposure window not specified"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "prenatal exposure",
    "embryonic stage",
    "Wistar rats",
    "offspring",
    "extremely low frequency",
    "ELF",
    "50 Hz",
    "1.5 mT",
    "radiofrequency",
    "RF",
    "900 MHz",
    "cell phone",
    "adenosine deaminase",
    "ADA",
    "serum",
    "brain",
    "sex differences"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "animal-studies",
      "weight": 0.9,
      "reason": "Experimental prenatal EMF exposure study in rats with biochemical outcomes."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1080/08327823.2021.1993045
PubMed: Not supplied

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