Multi-hop D2D Communication in Cellular Networks to Minimize EMR

2021 · Benefit · Insufficient evidence

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BenefitInsufficient evidencePaper 961

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2021

Study typeengineering

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Multi-hop D2D Communication in Cellular Networks to Minimize EMR Avirup Das, Nabanita Das, Abhirup Das Barman. Multi-hop D2D Communication in Cellular Networks to Minimize EMR. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. 30 December 2021. doi: 10.1109/TGCN.2021.3139286. Abstract With the advent of IoT, and the growing demand of infotainment, the number of data sources transmitting at high data rates for long duration is increasing rapidly. It results an ever increasing level of associated Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in our surroundings. The transmission powers from the near-field sources like mobile phones along with the duration of sessions are the crucial factors to accurately assess the harmful effects of EMR exposure from these devices. In order to limit and balance the EMR exposure from these sources, this paper, proposes short-range multi-hop packet forwarding technique with cognitive channel allocation for newer technologies of LTE. Theoretical analysis presented here, establishes bounds on the permissible channels and matching data rates to be used by the nodes to balance the duration of transmission maintaining the safe limit of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Based on this strategy, algorithm is developed for multi-hop packet routing with channel selection using cognitive radio. Extensive simulation studies on 5G New Radio (NR) band show significant improvement in energy efficiency with nearly balanced transmission duration and SAR reducing the near-field heating effect throughout the network. ieeexplore.ieee.org

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

Exposurelong duration sessions; transmission duration balanced via multi-hop forwarding

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

The paper proposes a short-range multi-hop D2D packet forwarding technique with cognitive channel allocation for LTE, and presents theoretical bounds on permissible channels and matching data rates to balance transmission duration while maintaining a safe SAR limit. Simulation studies on a 5G NR band scenario report improved energy efficiency with nearly balanced transmission duration and SAR, reducing near-field heating effects across the network.

Outcomes measured

electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure minimization
specific absorption rate (SAR) safe limit maintenance
near-field heating effect reduction
energy efficiency
transmission duration balancing

Limitations

No human/animal/clinical outcomes described; work is based on theoretical analysis and simulations.
Specific frequencies, SAR values, and exposure measurement details are not provided in the abstract.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": "long duration sessions; transmission duration balanced via multi-hop forwarding"
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure minimization",
    "specific absorption rate (SAR) safe limit maintenance",
    "near-field heating effect reduction",
    "energy efficiency",
    "transmission duration balancing"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper proposes a short-range multi-hop D2D packet forwarding technique with cognitive channel allocation for LTE, and presents theoretical bounds on permissible channels and matching data rates to balance transmission duration while maintaining a safe SAR limit. Simulation studies on a 5G NR band scenario report improved energy efficiency with nearly balanced transmission duration and SAR, reducing near-field heating effects across the network.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "No human/animal/clinical outcomes described; work is based on theoretical analysis and simulations.",
    "Specific frequencies, SAR values, and exposure measurement details are not provided in the abstract."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "D2D",
    "multi-hop",
    "cognitive radio",
    "LTE",
    "5G NR",
    "IoT",
    "EMR",
    "SAR",
    "near-field",
    "energy efficiency",
    "packet forwarding",
    "channel allocation"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.32,
      "reason": "Simulations are described as being on a 5G New Radio (NR) band."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1109/tgcn.2021.3139286
PubMed: Not supplied

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