A co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber for 5G n78 mobile devices at 3.5 GHz to reduce the specific absorption rate

2022 · Benefit · Low evidence

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BenefitLow evidencePaper 773

The paper presents a co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber designed for 3.5 GHz (5G n78) mobile devices. Applying the absorber to a 5G n78 mobile phone model is reported to achieve at least a 33% reduction in SAR, and the absorptivity of the absor…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2022

Study typeengineering

Reported directionBenefit

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

A co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber for 5G n78 mobile devices at 3.5 GHz to reduce the specific absorption rate Hannan S, Islam MT, Soliman MS, Faruque MRI, Misran N, Islam MS. A co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber for 5G n78 mobile devices at 3.5 GHz to reduce the specific absorption rate. Sci Rep 12, 11193 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15221-7. Abstract Specific absorption rate (SAR) by next-generation 5G mobile devices has become a burning question among engineers worldwide. 5G communication devices will be famous worldwide due to high-speed data transceiving, IoT-based mass applications, etc. Many antenna systems are being proposed for such mobile devices, but SAR is found at a higher rate that requires reduced for human health. This paper presents a metamaterial absorber (MMA) for SAR reduction from 5G n78 mobile devices at 3.5 GHz. The MMA is co-polarization insensitive at all possible incident angles to ensure absorption of unnecessary EM energies obeying the Poynting theorem for energy conservation and thus ensuring smooth communication by the devices. The unit cell size of the absorber is 0.114 λ making it design efficient for array implementation into mobile devices. This absorber has achieved a minimum of 33% reduction of SAR by applying it to the 5G n78 mobile phone model, equivalent to SAR by GSM/LTE/UMTS band mobile phones and making it suitable for SAR reduction from next-generation 5G mobile devices. Conclusion In this study, we numerically studied the SAR reduction from next-generation 5G n78 mobile devices by applying a novel co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA) and experimentally verified the absorptivity of the MMA at the resonance frequency. The MMA was designed to aim the resonance frequency at 3.5 GHz with metamaterial characteristics by the necessary engineering of L-C-R transmission lines as per the equivalent circuit. However, it is essential to mention that the metamaterial was designed with a modified circular split-ring resonator so that it cannot be rotationally symmetric 13, 29 and thus be able to absorb the co-polarized portion of the applied EM wave only. This property made it appropriate to be used inside 5G mobile phones for both smooth communication and SAR reduction. However, as perfect MMA can absorb entire applied EM waves of both the co-polar and the cross-polar elements, they will not be suitable for applying to mobile phones or other similar devices due to the entire signal absorption capability that can hamper EM signal, even if they can reduce SAR effectively. Furthermore, the proposed MMA has shown at least a 33% reduction of SAR from n78 5G mobile phones and maintained the SAR value equivalent to GSM/ LTE/ UMTS bands for the 5G band, a benchmark set by the proposed absorber. nature.com

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionbenefit

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 3500 MHz

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction
Metamaterial absorber (MMA) absorptivity at resonance frequency
Co-polarization insensitivity across incident angles

Limitations

SAR reduction appears to be based on application to a "5G n78 mobile phone model" (numerical study); details of modeling assumptions and SAR metrics are not provided in the abstract.
No human or epidemiological outcomes are reported; the focus is engineering SAR reduction.
The abstract does not report absolute SAR values (W/kg), measurement conditions, or uncertainty/variability.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "mobile phone",
    "frequency_mhz": 3500,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction",
    "Metamaterial absorber (MMA) absorptivity at resonance frequency",
    "Co-polarization insensitivity across incident angles"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper presents a co-polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber designed for 3.5 GHz (5G n78) mobile devices. Applying the absorber to a 5G n78 mobile phone model is reported to achieve at least a 33% reduction in SAR, and the absorptivity of the absorber at the resonance frequency was experimentally verified.",
  "effect_direction": "benefit",
  "limitations": [
    "SAR reduction appears to be based on application to a \"5G n78 mobile phone model\" (numerical study); details of modeling assumptions and SAR metrics are not provided in the abstract.",
    "No human or epidemiological outcomes are reported; the focus is engineering SAR reduction.",
    "The abstract does not report absolute SAR values (W/kg), measurement conditions, or uncertainty/variability."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "5G",
    "n78",
    "3.5 GHz",
    "metamaterial absorber",
    "SAR reduction",
    "mobile devices",
    "co-polarization-insensitive",
    "split-ring resonator"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.55,
      "reason": "Focuses on 5G n78 (3.5 GHz) exposure and SAR reduction in mobile devices."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15221-7
PubMed: Not supplied

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