The effects of operating frequency on wireless power transfer system design and human health in electric vehicles

2022 · Mixed · Low evidence

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MixedLow evidencePaper 739

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2022

Study typeengineering

Reported directionMixed

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

The effects of operating frequency on wireless power transfer system design and human health in electric vehicles A. Ağçal, T. H. Doğan, G. Aksu. The effects of operating frequency on wireless power transfer system design and human health in electric vehicles. Electrica. 22(2): 188-197, 2022. Abstract Wireless power transfer (WPT) continues to be popular in today’s world because it is used in situations where the use of cables is difficult, dangerous, or restrictive. In WPT, electrical energy is transmitted over the air by magnetic connections instead of cables. In this paper, WPT system designs were made with 10 kHz and 20 kHz operating frequencies, 3.3 kW output power, and 50 cm × 50 cm size. The effects of the frequency on the WPT system were analyzed with the designs made for two separate frequencies. The WPT circuits were established in the MATLAB/Simulink program. The coil design of the WPT systems was made in ANSYS® Maxwell 3D. The critical air gap values of the 10 kHz and 20 kHz designs were determined as 15 cm and 17 cm, respectively. In this study, the efficiency of the WPT system was obtained as 88.79% at 15 cm air gap for 10 kHz and 92.74% at 17 cm air gap for 20 kHz. Wireless power transfer systems in different frequency bands at the same power were compared in terms of efficiency, loss, cost, and electromagnetic field distribution. In addition, the effects of WPT systems on human health were examined according to IEEE and ICNIRP standards. Excerpt In which regions the magnetic field emitted by the coils is safe and unsafe for human health has been determined according to IEEE and ICNIRP standards. In this study, it has been observed that scattering can pose a danger to human health when one is between or very close to the receiver and transmitter coil. When one moves away from the coils as much as approximately the coil diameter, a safe area for public exposure is reached in 20 kHz systems. On the other hand, in 10 kHz systems, it is necessary to move further away from the boundaries of the 20 kHz system for a safe area. In this case, it is shown that WPT systems need living and object detection systems to shut down the system when a living being or an object is between or near the receiver and transmitter. In addition, it has been observed that the magnetic field created by the 20 kHz design is less than the 10 kHz design. High-frequency designs have lower inductance values, lower number of turns, and correspondingly lower magnetic flux density. Open access paper: electricajournal.org transfer-system-design-and-human-health-in-electric-vehicles-161797

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeengineering

Effect directionmixed

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureELF

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

WPT designs at 10 kHz and 20 kHz (3.3 kW, 50 cm × 50 cm) were modeled; critical air gaps were 15 cm (10 kHz) and 17 cm (20 kHz), with efficiencies of 88.79% and 92.74% at those gaps, respectively. Based on IEEE and ICNIRP standards, the authors report potentially unsafe magnetic-field exposure when a person is between or very close to the transmitter and receiver coils; moving away by approximately the coil diameter reached a safe public-exposure area for the 20 kHz system, while the 10 kHz system required a greater distance. The 20 kHz design produced a lower magnetic field than the 10 kHz design in their analysis.

Outcomes measured

WPT system efficiency
critical air gap distance
electromagnetic field (magnetic field) distribution
public exposure safety regions per IEEE and ICNIRP standards

Limitations

Results are based on simulations/modeling (MATLAB/Simulink and ANSYS Maxwell 3D) rather than measurements in real vehicles or human studies.
No quantitative exposure metrics (e.g., field strength values) are provided in the abstract/excerpt.
No details on modeling assumptions, scenarios, or uncertainty are provided in the abstract/excerpt.

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "engineering",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "ELF",
    "source": "wireless power transfer (WPT) in electric vehicles",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "WPT system efficiency",
    "critical air gap distance",
    "electromagnetic field (magnetic field) distribution",
    "public exposure safety regions per IEEE and ICNIRP standards"
  ],
  "main_findings": "WPT designs at 10 kHz and 20 kHz (3.3 kW, 50 cm × 50 cm) were modeled; critical air gaps were 15 cm (10 kHz) and 17 cm (20 kHz), with efficiencies of 88.79% and 92.74% at those gaps, respectively. Based on IEEE and ICNIRP standards, the authors report potentially unsafe magnetic-field exposure when a person is between or very close to the transmitter and receiver coils; moving away by approximately the coil diameter reached a safe public-exposure area for the 20 kHz system, while the 10 kHz system required a greater distance. The 20 kHz design produced a lower magnetic field than the 10 kHz design in their analysis.",
  "effect_direction": "mixed",
  "limitations": [
    "Results are based on simulations/modeling (MATLAB/Simulink and ANSYS Maxwell 3D) rather than measurements in real vehicles or human studies.",
    "No quantitative exposure metrics (e.g., field strength values) are provided in the abstract/excerpt.",
    "No details on modeling assumptions, scenarios, or uncertainty are provided in the abstract/excerpt."
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "wireless power transfer",
    "electric vehicles",
    "10 kHz",
    "20 kHz",
    "magnetic field",
    "IEEE standards",
    "ICNIRP standards",
    "electromagnetic field distribution",
    "public exposure",
    "safety distance"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Health effects and safe/unsafe regions are evaluated explicitly using ICNIRP (and IEEE) exposure standards."
    },
    {
      "slug": "occupational-exposure",
      "weight": 0.35,
      "reason": "Exposure scenarios near EV WPT coils could be relevant to workers/technicians, though the abstract focuses on public exposure regions."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

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DOI: Not supplied
PubMed: Not supplied

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