Overview of the Evaluation Methods for the Maximum EMF Exposure in 5G Networks

2022 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 549

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2022

Study typereview

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Overview of the Evaluation Methods for the Maximum EMF Exposure in 5G Networks Fellan A, Schotten HD. Overview of the Evaluation Methods for the Maximum EMF Exposure in 5G Networks. 2022 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), Thessaloniki, Greece, 2022, pp. 53-57, doi: 10.1109/CSCN57023.2022.10050915. Abstract Instantaneous measurements of the electromagnetic field (EMF) strength do not reflect the maximum exposure levels possible in a given location. An extrapolation factor needs to be applied to the measurements before comparing them against the local exposure guidelines or recommendations for compliance evaluation. For the fifth generation (5G) networks, a standardized approach for extrapolating EMF values is yet to be defined. This work provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research that focuses on estimating the maximum EMF exposure caused by radiation from 5G base stations. It also considers current efforts by national and international organizations to establish standardized methods for extrapolating the EMF measurements which is necessary in investigating conformance with the EMF guidelines and regulations. Conclusions In this work, we provided a short review of current research on the extrapolation of 5G NR EMF measurements to the maximum EMF exposure values; a necessary step to ensure the compliance of 5G NR BSs with the EMF exposure limits and guidelines, set by organizations such as the ICNIRP or the responsible national regulatory authorities, that are intended to protect humans and the environment. We classified the research efforts based on the measurement method used in the two main categories of frequency-selective and code-selective methods. We also summarized some of the national and international standardization endeavours that aim to set a reference method for evaluating the human EMF exposure taking into consideration the recent 5G technology. We plan to use this overview as a foundation for choosing the appropriate measurement methodology and EMF extrapolation method to assess our recently deployed 5G campus network in Kaiser- slautern [9].

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typereview

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

The paper reviews state-of-the-art research on estimating maximum EMF exposure from 5G base stations by applying extrapolation factors to measurements, and summarizes ongoing national/international standardization efforts. It classifies research approaches into frequency-selective and code-selective measurement methods and notes that a standardized extrapolation approach for 5G is not yet defined.

Outcomes measured

Methods for extrapolating instantaneous EMF measurements to estimate maximum exposure in 5G networks
Compliance evaluation against EMF exposure guidelines/limits

Limitations

No quantitative exposure levels or health outcomes reported in the abstract
Standardized approach for 5G EMF extrapolation is stated as not yet defined

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "review",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": "5G base station",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Methods for extrapolating instantaneous EMF measurements to estimate maximum exposure in 5G networks",
    "Compliance evaluation against EMF exposure guidelines/limits"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper reviews state-of-the-art research on estimating maximum EMF exposure from 5G base stations by applying extrapolation factors to measurements, and summarizes ongoing national/international standardization efforts. It classifies research approaches into frequency-selective and code-selective measurement methods and notes that a standardized extrapolation approach for 5G is not yet defined.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "No quantitative exposure levels or health outcomes reported in the abstract",
    "Standardized approach for 5G EMF extrapolation is stated as not yet defined"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "5G",
    "5G NR",
    "electromagnetic field",
    "EMF",
    "maximum exposure",
    "extrapolation factor",
    "base stations",
    "compliance evaluation",
    "frequency-selective",
    "code-selective",
    "ICNIRP",
    "standardization"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.78,
      "reason": "Focuses on 5G base-station EMF compliance evaluation and standardization needs."
    },
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.62,
      "reason": "Mentions EMF exposure limits/guidelines set by ICNIRP and national regulatory authorities."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1109/cscn57023.2022.10050915
PubMed: Not supplied

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